Background: Fumaric acid esters (FAE) have been used as a drug since 1959. The therapeutic preparation containing FAE has been one of the prominent drugs used for the systemic treatment of psoriasis since 1994 in Germany. FAE have been used in the treatment of sarcoidosis, granuloma annulare, necrobiosis lipoidica, cheilitis granulomatosa, annular elastotic giant cell granuloma, malignant melan...

5. Bakos RM, Cartell A, Bakos L. Dermatoscopy of early-onset necrobiosis lipoidica. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012;66:143--4. 6. Vazquez-Lopez V, Kreusch J, Marghoob AA. Dermoscopic semiology: further insights into vascular features by screening a large spectrum of nontumoral skin lesions. Br J Dermatol. 2004;150:226--31. 7. Brasiello M, Zalaudek I, Ferrara G, Gourhant JY, Capoluongo P, Roma P, et al...

The treatment of sclerosing skin diseases [systemic sclerosis, localized scleroderma, lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, sclerodermoid graft-vs.-host disease, scleredema adultorum (Buschke), scleromyxedema and necrobiosis lipoidica] is difficult and remains a great challenge. Numerous treatments, some with potentially hazardous side effects, are currently used with only limited success. The introd...

Obesity and diabetes are chronic diseases that affect people all over the world, and their incidence is increasing in both children and adults. Clinically, they affect a number of organs, including the skin. The cutaneous manifestations caused or aggravated by obesity and diabetes are varied and usually bear some relation to the time that has elapsed since the onset of the disease. They include...