1. Calonje E, Fletcher CD, Wilson-Jones E, et al. Retiform hemangioendothelioma: a distinctive form of low-grade angiosarcoma delineated in a series of 15 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1994;18:115-25. 2. Hirsh AZ, Yan W, Wei L, et al. Unresectable retiform hemangioendothelioma treated with external beam radiation therapy and chemotherapy: a case report and review of the literature. Sarcoma 2010;2010:...

BACKGROUND Cutaneous anaesthesia in necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) has been attributed to the destruction of nerve fibres by the inflammatory process. In the 1980s, one study demonstrated a decrease in S100 positive neural fibres as proof of this. Thermalgic information is mainly dependent on small fibres, either myelinated or unmyelinated, and S100 protein is expressed by Schwann cells. OBJECTIV...

differential diagnosis is needed. Kraus et al. [3] examined 27 cases of xanthogranuloma. The mononuclear and xanthoma cells and most of the Touton cells exhibited reactivity for fascin and CD68, although 26 of 27 were reactive for HLA-DR, 25 of 27 for factor XIIIa, 25 of 27 for CD45, and 21 of 27 for CD4. None of the cases showed reactivity for CD1a, CD3, CD21, CD34, or CD35 [3]. When the patie...

Solid epididymal masses can be broadly classified into three categories: inflammatory mass, benign neoplasm, and malignant neoplasm. Examples of inflammatory processes include infectious epididymitis, fibrosis, sperm granuloma, and autoimmune disease. Benign neoplasms include adenomatoid tumor or leiomyoma. Malignant neoplasms include adenocarcinoma, embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma, and seminoma. Wh...

Palmer and Bowling [1] have recently described the dermoscopic features in 3 cases of juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG). A dermoscopic pattern characterized by orange-yellow background with ‘clouds’ of paler yellow deposits was observed in all patients. We have had recent occasion to observe many cases of single and multiple JXG and noted a further constant dermoscopic feature, namely branched and...

JUVENILE xanthogranuloma, also commonly known as naevoxantho-endothelioma, was first described as a skin disease in 1909 (McDonaugh, 1909), but it was not until forty years later that the first intra-ocular case was reported in America (Blank, Eglick, and Beerman, 1949). Some twenty to thirty cases have since been described (Sanders, 1962), but our case is the first to be reported in the United...

J uvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a benign, selflimiting disorder that typically involves the cutaneous regions of the head and neck. Infrequently, the oral cavity is involved, which presents unique diagnostic and treatment considerations. We present the first descriptive case report of a large, entirely submucosal JXG of the tongue. Withdrawal from review was granted by the Institutional Revi...