Ligand-free Pd(OAc)2 was found to catalyze very efficiently the direct C2-arylation of benzothiophene derivatives under low catalyst concentration. The reaction can be performed employing as little as 0.5-0.1 mol-% catalyst with electron-deficient and some electron-rich aryl bromides. The presence of a methyl or a formyl substituent at C3 of benzothiophene has a minor influence on the reactivit...

Aires, Ciencia y Tecnología, and by Grant 02782 from Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina, to A.E.M. The authors wish to express their thanks to Carlos Baratti and Cristina Acevedo for facilitating the use of the hot plate. María de los Angeles D ́Ambros and Pablo Gomez contributed to the training of rats for this experiment. Correspondence concerning this articl...

International evidence suggests that educational reform’s progress depends on teachers’ individual and collective capacity and its link with schoolwide capacity for promoting pupils’ learning. Building capacity is therefore critical. Capacity is a complex blend of motivation, skill, positive learning, organisational conditions and culture, and infrastructure of support. Put together, it gives i...

We propose an object recognition scheme based on a method for feature extraction from gray level images that corresponds to recent statistical theory, called pmjection pursuit, and is derived from a biologically motivated feature extracting neuron. To evaluate the performance of this method we use a set of very detailed psychophysical three-dimensional object recognition experiments (Biilthoff ...

Research on cooperative learning is one of the greatest success stories in the history of educational research. While there was some research on this topic from the early days of this century, the amount and quality of that research greatly accelerated in the early 1970's, and continues unabated today, a quarter-century later. Hundreds of studies have compared cooperative learning to various co...

Michaela Riediger Research Scientist Center for Lifespan Psychology Max Planck Institute for Human Development Berlin, Germany Every once in a while, we all encounter situations in which we think about what we want to attain, maintain, or avoid in the future. No matter which goals we set ourselves in such situations—to spend more time with friends, learn Spanish, find a better-paid job, lose we...

Scholarly peer review relies on rigorous yet fair assessments of articles by qualified referees in a timely manner. We considered the extent to which a prolonged peer-review process can delay the dissemination of results in a conservation context by combining insight from a survey with our own perspectives. A survey of authors who published peer-reviewed articles in biodiversity and conservatio...

University lectures are increasingly recorded or reproduced and made available to students online. This paper aggregates and critically reviews the associated literature, thematically organised in response to four questions. In response to the first question does student attendance decrease when online content is made available research indicates that students primarily use digital content for ...

Penile transplantation is a novel approach to management of penile loss in the developing field of composite tissue allotransplantation (CTA). Prior management for significant penile loss has been free flap phalloplasty with issues related to function, cosmesis, and functional loss from the location of flap harvest. Transplantation has been an evolving field with advancement in CTA over the pas...

Out of fifty-six isolates screened three bacterial strains enriched with TNT either as sole source of nitrogen (for Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae) or along with co-substrate (for Acinetobacter baumannii), have been carried out nitro group reduction under aerobic conditions. During studies, S. typhimurium found to have high potential (100% of 50 mg l-l) in removal of TNT, than K....