Identifying negative or speculative narrative fragments from fact is crucial for natural language processing (NLP) applications. Previous studies on negation and speculation identification in Chinese language suffers much from two problems: corpus scarcity and the bottleneck in fundamental Chinese information processing. To resolve these problems, this paper constructs a Chinese corpus which co...

In this paper we explore the identification of negated molecular events (e.g. protein binding, gene expressions, regulation, etc.) in biomedical research abstracts. We construe the problem as a classification task and apply a machine learning (ML) approach that uses lexical, syntactic, and semantic features associated with sentences that represent events. Lexical features include negation cues,...

An overcomplete logic is a logic that ‘ceases to make the difference’: According to such a logic, all inferences hold independently of the nature of the statements involved. A negation-inconsistent logic is a logic having at least one model that satisfies both some statement and its negation. A negation-incomplete logic has at least one model according to which neither some statement nor its ne...

Probabilistic logic programs without negation can have cycles (with a preference for false), but cannot represent all conditional distributions. Probabilistic logic programs with negation can represent arbitrary conditional probabilities, but with cycles they create logical inconsistencies. We show how allowing negative noise probabilities allows us to represent arbitrary conditional probabilit...

We consider an example of four valued semantics partially inspired by quantum computations and negation-like operations occurred therein. In particular we a representation so called square root negation within this as operation which acts like cycling negation. define two variants logical matrices performing different orders over the set truth values. Purely formal result our study consists in ...

Extracting biomedical relations such as drug-drug interaction (DDI) from text is an important task in biomedical NLP. Due to the large number of complex sentences in biomedical literature, researchers have employed some sentence simplification techniques to improve the performance of the relation extraction methods. However, due to difficulty of the task, there is no noteworthy improvement in t...

This paper continues our study in fuzzy interval logic based on the Checklist Paradigm(CP) semantics of Bandler and Kohout. We investigate the fuzzy interval system of negation which was defined by the Sheffer(NAND), the Nicod(NOR) and the implication connectives of m1 interval system in depth. The top-bottom(TOPBOT) pair of fuzzy negation interval shows non-involutive property; however, it sho...

In natural language, and in some knowledge representation systems, such as extended logic programs, there are two kinds of negation: a weak negation expressing non-truth, and a strong negation expressing explicit falsity. In this paper I argue that, like in several basic computational languages, such as OCL and SQL, two kinds of negation are also needed in the Semantic Web.

This paper introduces a logic ILED derived from standard intuitionistic sentence logic by adding two operators Dϕ for " Definitely ϕ " and ~ϕ for " Experience rejects ϕ ". A further negation ¬ϕ = def (ϕ→⊥) ∨ ~ϕ , which we call real negation, is introduced. Real negation is like intuitionistic negation when there are no D-operators but deviates when there are. We see that Dϕ ↔ ϕ is valid but ¬Dϕ...