OBJECTIVES This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and risk factors of cholelithiasis and nephrolithiasis among HIV-positive patients in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of HIV-positive patients who underwent routine abdominal sonography for chronic viral hepatitis, fatty liver, or elevated aminotransferases between J...

We present an unusual case of a 44-year-old male who developed violent hiccups soon after a ureteroscopy for nephrolithiasis; later, the forceful hiccups were followed by hematemesis. Upper esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed Mallory-Weiss tears and esophageal erosions in the lower esophagus. Esophageal biopsy was unremarkable. The patient did not have a prior history of the gastrointestinal di...

Having considered tactile sensing and palpation of a surgeon in order to detect kidney stone during open surgery; we present the 2D model of nephrolithiasis (two dimensional model of kidney containing a simulated stone). The effects of stone existence that appear on the surface of kidney (because of exerting mechanical load) are determined. Using Finite element method, it is illustrated that th...

Nephrolithiasis is a less common side effect of the antiepileptic drug topiramate. We report the case of a 3-year-old boy who presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain; examinations revealed a large calcification in the left kidney. Regular ultrasound examinations are recommended in children using topiramate.

Lithiasis continues to be an important factor in chronic renal disease, since it leads to chronic tubulo-interstitial nephritis, which is estimated to be involved in 15- 30% of cases of end stage chronic renal insufficiency. It is believed that in order for a stone to be formed, a solid phase needs to be first produced from microcrystals (the nucleus), which are formed from salts (and other sub...

PURPOSE Critically evaluate the experimental evidence and clinical trial outcomes as the basis for use of magnesium (Mg) supplements as therapy for calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature search of MedLine and Web of Science through January 2005; articles cited in papers found by searches. RESULTS Magnesium inhibits calcium oxalate crystallization in human urine an...