The ad hoc network consists of mobile hosts which communicate with each other by radio media. The mobile host must route data to the host within the radio range by hopping to the destination host. Since the hosts are mobile and the network topology is variable, routing protocols have been an important research issue in the network area. On-demand routing protocol is an efficient protocol in the...

The network structures have changed significantly in the recent years. In spite of the wireless network challenges namely: changes in network topology, high error rates, power restrictions, bandwidth constraints and issues with link capacity, these networks have become popular. Researchers have contributed to a great extent to solve these challenges with innovative solution to support robust an...

In large networks, maintaining precise global network state information is almost impossible. Many factors, including nonnegligible propagation delay, infrequent link state update due to overhead concerns, link state update policy, resource reservation, and hierarchical topology aggregation, have impacts on the precision of the global network state information. To achieve efficient Quality of S...

During the last decade, the stringent pressures from environmental and social requirements have spurred an interest in designing a reverse logistics (RL) network. The success of a logistics system may depend on the decisions of the facilities locations and vehicle routings. The location-routing problem (LRP) simultaneously locates the facilities and designs the travel routes for vehicles among ...