Aims: To assess the portability and clinical applicability of a software program based on Photoshop (Adobe Systems Inc, San Jose, CA, USA) for digital drusen quantification. Methods: Independent graders from the Digital Fundus Photo Reading Center of Columbia University and King’s College Hospital used macular background levelling software to quantify the percentage of drusen in the central and...

PURPOSE To evaluate risk factors for the incidence and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a racially heterogeneous, geriatric population. METHODS Subjects (n = 2240) aged 65 to 84 years underwent 2 examinations separated by 2 years, of which 1937 subjects (85%) were included in this report. Fundus photographs were performed at each examination and were graded by trained ...

PURPOSE To assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in an elderly Chinese population in Taiwan. METHODS The Shihpai Eye Study was a survey of vision and ocular disease in an elderly Chinese population 65 years of age or older residing in Shihpai, Taipei, Taiwan. Of 2045 elderly residents randomly sampled from the household registration databa...

PURPOSE To evaluate cone spacing using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) in eyes with nonneovascular AMD, and to correlate progression of AOSLO-derived cone measures with standard measures of macular structure. METHODS Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy images were obtained over 12 to 21 months from seven patients with AMD including four eyes with geographic atr...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnosis, staging, imaging and management preferences, and the effect of advanced imaging among practising optometrists in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS Up to 20 case vignettes (computer-based case simulations) were completed online in a computer laboratory in random order by 81 practising optometrists of Australia. Each c...

AIM To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of "fundus on phone' (FOP) camera, a smartphone based retinal imaging system, as a screening tool for diabetic retinopathy (DR) detection and DR severity in comparison with 7-standard field digital retinal photography. DESIGN Single-site, prospective, comparative, instrument validation study. METHODS 301 patients (602 eyes) with type 2 diabete...

Optic disc drusen (ODD) is hyaline-like calcified material accumulation that may occur at the optic nerve head. It is seen in approximately in 0.3% of the population and is often bilateral. Since bilateral cases might mimic papilledema, it is important to make the differential diagnosis. In this report; a patient followed in the neurology department with suspected papilledema and diagnosed with...

PURPOSE To report the prevalence of ocular abnormalities in a group of Portuguese children with a complete fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). METHODS Complete ophthalmologic examination in a sample of consecutive children with FAS. Ocular fundus photography was carried out on the cooperative FAS children and on 25 reference children. Ocular fundus anomalies were recorded by the observation of ocul...

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in the developed world. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a critical site of pathology in AMD and αB crystallin expression is increased in RPE and associated drusen in AMD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of αB crystallin in sodium iodate (NaIO3)-induced retinal degeneration, a model of AMD in whi...

BACKGROUND Cumulative oxidative damage is implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor that plays key roles in retinal antioxidant and detoxification responses. The purposes of this study were to determine whether NRF2-deficient mice would develop AMD-like retinal pathology with aging and t...