OBJECTIVE This study examined whether subcortical volumes of the basal ganglia and thalamus in schizophrenic patients are related to neuroleptic exposure and symptom severity. METHOD Basal ganglia substructures and thalamic volumes were measured with magnetic resonance imaging in 96 patients with schizophrenia (50 men and 46 women) and 128 healthy comparison subjects (60 men and 68 women). Tw...

Emergency medical services (EMS) providers must often manage violent or combative patients. The data regarding violence against EMS personnel are poor, but according to studies conducted thus far, between 0.8% and 5.0% of incidents to which EMS personnel respond involve violence or the threat of violence. Physical or chemical restraint is usually the only option available to emergency care prov...

BACKGROUND Behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD) contribute to caregiver burden and institutionalization of elderly. Neuroleptics are prescribed to control agitation. Side effects of typical neuroleptics are harmful, making atypical neuroleptics an indication. OBJECTIVES To evaluate efficacy and tolerability of risperidone oral solution (ROS) given once daily to demented el...

The aim of this survey is to present an overview of research into psychopharmacology as regards the effects of different psychoactive drugs and neuroleptics (NL) on language in normal subjects and schizophrenic patients. Eighteen studies that have investigated the effects of different drugs (alcohol, amphetamines, secobarbital, L-dopa, psilocybin, ketamine, fenfluramine) and neuroleptics (conve...

The practice of pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia in Germany is based both on clinical experience and research findings. Experience and studies emphasize that neuroleptic medication is severely limited by side effects including acute extrapyramidal syndromes and tardive dyskinesia. Comparing neuroleptic doses in both acute and maintenance therapy have clinicians encouraged to evaluate methods fo...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to review the efficacy of various treatments for Tourette's disorder (TD) and tics. METHOD This study is a historical review of the treatment modalities prior to the advent of neuroleptics. A review of double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trials and open studies on the use of neuroleptics and selected reports was also carried out. RESULTS The lite...

Objective-To determine the outcome of administration of neuroleptics to patients with senile dementia ofLewy body type confirmed at necropsy. Design-Retrospective analysis of clinical notes blind to neuropathological diagnosis. SettingSpecialist psychogeriatric assessment units referring cases for necropsy to a teaching hospital neuropathology service. Patients-41 elderly patients with diagnosi...