نتایج جستجو برای: neuron degeneration

تعداد نتایج: 122945  

Journal: :Human molecular genetics 2014
James N Sleigh Stuart J Grice Robert W Burgess Kevin Talbot M Zameel Cader

Dominant mutations in GARS, encoding the essential enzyme glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GlyRS), result in a form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 2D (CMT2D), predominantly characterized by lower motor nerve degeneration. GlyRS charges the amino acid glycine with its cognate tRNA and is therefore essential for protein translation. However, the underlying mechanisms linking toxic gain-of-function G...

2015
Azad Hekimoglu Ihsaniye Suer Dogan Aynur Turan Mehmet Fevzi Oztekin Baki Hekimoglu

Wallerian degeneration is the process of progressive demyelination and disintegration of the distal axonal segment following the transection of the axon or damage to the neuron. We report a case of a patient with Wallerian degeneration of the pontocerebellar tracts. She had a history of a pontine infarction 3 months ago. Wallerian degeneration of pontocerebellar tracts is seen bilaterally and s...

2010
V Hugh Perry Vincent O'Connor

Chronic neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS (central nervous system) are characterized by the loss of neurons. There is, however, growing evidence to show that an early stage of this process involves degeneration of presynaptic terminals prior to the loss of the cell body. Synaptic plasticity in CNS pathology has been associated with microglia and the phenomenon of synaptic stripping. We revi...

2017
Faith C. J. Davies Jilly E. Hope Fiona McLachlan Francis Nunez Jennifer Doig Hemant Bengani Colin Smith Catherine M. Abbott

De novo heterozygous missense mutations in the gene encoding translation elongation factor eEF1A2 have recently been found to give rise to neurodevelopmental disorders. Children with mutations in this gene have developmental delay, epilepsy, intellectual disability and often autism; the most frequently occurring mutation is G70S. It has been known for many years that complete loss of eEF1A2 in ...

Journal: :Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2013
Hemali P Phatnani Paolo Guarnieri Brad A Friedman Monica A Carrasco Michael Muratet Sean O'Keeffe Chiamaka Nwakeze Florencia Pauli-Behn Kimberly M Newberry Sarah K Meadows Juan Carlos Tapia Richard M Myers Tom Maniatis

ALS results from the selective and progressive degeneration of motor neurons. Although the underlying disease mechanisms remain unknown, glial cells have been implicated in ALS disease progression. Here, we examine the effects of glial cell/motor neuron interactions on gene expression using the hSOD1(G93A) (the G93A allele of the human superoxide dismutase gene) mouse model of ALS. We detect st...

Journal: :Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2008
Hong Yin Sandy H T Cheng Jian Zhang Lin Ma Yuangui Gao Dejun Li C C Tchoyoson Lim

INTRODUCTION Motor neuron damage and cortical spinal tract (CST) degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are difficult to visualise and quantify on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CLINICAL PICTURE We studied 8 ALS patients and 12 normal volunteers using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and fibre tractography using fibre assignment by continuous tracking (FACT) to stud...

2012
Haigang Gu Dahong Long

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, which is characterized by a progressive decline in memory and cognitive function, accompanied with behavioral changes such as confusion, irritability and aggression, mood swings, language breakdown and eventually long-term memory loss. The most significant pathological findings in the brain affected by AD are senile plaques, neurofib...

Journal: :Neuron 2010
Janel O. Johnson Jessica Mandrioli Michael Benatar Yevgeniya Abramzon Vivianna M. Van Deerlin John Q. Trojanowski J. Raphael Gibbs Maura Brunetti Susan Gronka Joanne Wuu Jinhui Ding Leo McCluskey Maria Martinez-Lage Dana Falcone Dena G. Hernandez Sampath Arepalli Sean Chong Jennifer C. Schymick Jeffrey Rothstein Francesco Landi Yong-Dong Wang Andrea Calvo Gabriele Mora Mario Sabatelli Maria Rosaria Monsurrò Stefania Battistini Fabrizio Salvi Rossella Spataro Patrizia Sola Giuseppe Borghero Giuliana Galassi Sonja W. Scholz J. Paul Taylor Gabriella Restagno Adriano Chiò Bryan J. Traynor

Using exome sequencing, we identified a p.R191Q amino acid change in the valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene in an Italian family with autosomal dominantly inherited amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Mutations in VCP have previously been identified in families with Inclusion Body Myopathy, Paget disease, and Frontotemporal Dementia (IBMPFD). Screening of VCP in a cohort of 210 familial ALS...

2017
Annalisa Nobili Emanuele Claudio Latagliata Maria Teresa Viscomi Virve Cavallucci Debora Cutuli Giacomo Giacovazzo Paraskevi Krashia Francesca Romana Rizzo Ramona Marino Mauro Federici Paola De Bartolo Daniela Aversa Maria Concetta Dell'Acqua Alberto Cordella Marco Sancandi Flavio Keller Laura Petrosini Stefano Puglisi-Allegra Nicola Biagio Mercuri Roberto Coccurello Nicola Berretta Marcello D'Amelio

Alterations of the dopaminergic (DAergic) system are frequently reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and are commonly linked to cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms. However, the cause of DAergic system dysfunction in AD remains to be elucidated. We investigated alterations of the midbrain DAergic system in the Tg2576 mouse model of AD, overexpressing a mutated human amyloid precursor ...

2015
Dejun Yang Sharmila Das Loujing Song Tianxia Li Jianqun Yan Wanli W. Smith

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease with unclear pathogenesis. Currently, there are no disease-modifying neuron-protecting drugs to slow down the neuronal degeneration. Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) cause genetic forms of PD and contribute to sporadic PD as well. Disruption of LRRK2 kinase functions has become one of the potential mechanisms un...

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