calcineurin (can) is a ca2+/calmodulin (ca2+/cam)-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase expressed in most mammalian tissues but found at higher concentration in brain. in the last decade there have been a steadily increasing number of studies identifying neuronal can as a primary suspect in neuronal vulnerability, synapse loss, dendritic atrophy, synaptic dysfunction and neuroinflammat...

A new meta-heuristic method, based on Neuronal Communication (NC), is introduced in this article. The neuronal communication illustrates how data is exchanged between neurons in neural system. Actually, this pattern works efficiently in the nature. The present paper shows it is the same to find the global minimum. In addition, since few numbers of neurons participate in each step of the method,...

Objective(s): In the present study, we investigated the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on c-myb immunoreactivity as well as neuronal damage/death after a subsequent lethal transient ischemia in gerbils. Materials and Methods: IPC was subjected to a 2 min sublethal ischemia and a lethal transient ischemia was given 5 min transient ischemia. The animals in all of the groups were given ...

Objective(s): Scutellarin, a flavonoid extracted from the medicinal herb Erigeron breviscapus Hand-Mazz, protects neurons from damage and inhibits glial activation. Here we examined whether scutellarin may also protect neurons from hypoxia-induced damage. Materials and Methods: Mice were exposed to hypoxia for 7 days and then administered scutellarin (50 mg/kg/d) or vehicle for 30 days Cognitiv...

Calcineurin (CaN) is a Ca2+/calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM)-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase expressed in most mammalian tissues but found at higher concentration in brain. In the last decade there have been a steadily increasing number of studies identifying neuronal CaN as a primary suspect in neuronal vulnerability, synapse loss, dendritic atrophy, synaptic dysfunction and neuroinflammat...

This volume provides an overview of the latest methods used to study neuronal function with all-optical experimental approaches is open access book.

background: in vitro model studies are becoming increasingly popular for experimental research designs. they include isolation and expansion of cells of a particular tissue, such as the nervous tissue which contributes to understanding the underlying mechanisms in many pathologies. it enables  the scrutinization of intracellular signaling pathways responsible for cell death. objectives: in the ...

neuronal and astroglial cells were prepared from whole brain of three month and 30-month- old rats for study of alterations in the nuclear poly adp-ribosylation and dna breaks with age. the relative purity of the cell preparations was confirmed by the determination of the neurofilament (low molecular weight) and glutamine synthetase content of the cells using elisa. an increase (75%) in the pol...