Dietary restriction (DR) extends lifespan in diverse organisms and, in animal and cellular models, can delay a range of aging-related diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). A better understanding of the mechanisms mediating these interactions, however, may reveal novel pathways involved in AD pathogenesis, and potential targets for disease-modifying treatments and biomarkers for disease p...

Altered neuronal calcium homeostasis is widely hypothesized to underlie cognitive deficits in normal aging subjects, but the mechanisms that underlie this change are unknown, possibly due to a paucity of direct measurements from aging neurons. Using CCD and two-photon calcium imaging techniques on CA1 pyramidal neurons from young and aged rats, we show that calcium influx across the plasma memb...

Hippocampal overexpression of FK506-binding protein 12.6/1b (FKBP1b), a negative regulator of ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release, reverses aging-induced memory impairment and neuronal Ca2+ dysregulation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that FKBP1b also can protect downstream transcriptional networks from aging-induced dysregulation. We gave hippocampal microinjections of FKBP1b-expressing viral vec...

seizure may occur after mild traumatic brain injury (tbi), and the severity of tbi can be considered the most crucial factor for an increased risk of recurring seizures as well as for the development of posttraumatic epilepsy. however, the effect of seizures in epileptogenesis after mild tbi cannot yet be accurately confirmed. this study was designed to determine whether mild tbi increases seiz...

introduction: since organophosphorus compounds (op) are toxic and designed to destroy insects and pest species, there are many hazards associated with their use. although, the main target site of these compounds is acetylcholinesterase (ache), however it has become increasingly evident that ops have also other direct effects on cellular processes. in the present study, the effects of low concen...

Aging contributes to physiological decline and vulnerability to disease. In the brain, even with minimal neuronal loss, aging increases oxidative damage, inflammation, demyelination, impaired processing, and metabolic deficits, particularly during pathological brain aging. In this review, the possible role of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the prevention of age-related disruption of brain functi...

aging coefficient (ac) or aged-child ratio or age composition; takes into account the numbers and areas at both ends of the age distribution simultaneously. ac is the total number of individuals aged 65 years and more, divided by the total number of individuals aged 14 years, multiplied by 100. herein, age composition in iranian popu1ations, according to different provinces, place of residence ...

The article by Marner et al. in this issue of the Journal of Comparative Neurology reports that there is an extensive loss of myelinated fibers from the white matter of the human cerebral hemispheres during normal aging. It raises the possibility that changes in gray matter, and especially any loss of its component neurons, might not be the principal reason for the mild cognitive decline that a...

A decline in brain function is a characteristic feature of healthy aging; however, little is known about the biologic basis of this phenomenon. To determine whether there are alterations in brain mitochondrial metabolism associated with healthy aging, we combined (13)C/(1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy with infusions of [1-(13)C]glucose and [2-(13)C]acetate to quantitatively characterize rat...

Molecular changes associated with neuronal aging lead to a decrease in cognitive capacity. Here we discuss these alterations at the level of brain regions, brain cells, and brain membrane and cytoskeletal proteins with an special focus in NMDA molecular changes through aging and its effect in cognitive decline and Alzheimer disease. Here, we propose that some neurodegenerative disorders, like A...