Municipalities in New England are facing long-term structural fiscal imbalances. Various reports have documented that cities and towns have had a hard time raising sufficient local revenue to meet increasing demands for spending, and some communities are experiencing greater distress than others. To address such issues, states often use local aid—a mechanism by which funds are collected statewi...

In this paper, we ask “Can proximity to towns reduces poverty in rural areas?” For this study we have mapped all the villages in Orissa. The study is based on small area poverty estimation methodology as well as the secondary data covering 47,395 villages and 109 towns. Our main findings are (i) there is a relationship between the distance to nearest town and rural poverty and (ii) poverty leve...

extended abstract 1. introduction security is the most important factor for improving of a city and it’s the initial needs of human. security and developing are mutual relationship that derived from planning and city management. insecurity feeling in the urban area, the activities of human have been eclipsed and economic, cultural, social acts couldn’t be done easily .however security is necess...

economic and social changes in recent decades led to regional imbalance and inordinate concentration of facilities in some parts and bereavement of other parts. we need to district and regional planning which its objective is providing an appropriate model for balanced distribution of services according to population of settlements or spatial balance in the region. the topics of sustainable dev...