The nature and extent of the transmission of immunity by the mammary gland from the mother to her offspring is related to the rate of transmission during foetal life: in mammals with immunoglobulin (Ig) permeable placenta, the systemic immunity of the mother is transferred during foetal life; in contrast, in artiodactyls with Ig impermeable placenta, systemic immunity is transmitted just after ...

Adjuvants boost vaccine responses, enhancing protective immunity against infections that are most common among the very young. Many adjuvants activate innate immunity, some via Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), whose activities varies with age. Accordingly, characterization of age-specific adjuvant-induced immune responses may inform rational adjuvant design targeting vulnerable populations. In this ...

Problem statement: A high mortality rate (crude mortality 43.6%) of pre-weaned dairy calves resulted in unavailability of replacement heifers in Kuwait. Dairy producers resorted to import pregnant heifers for herd replacement. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of dam vaccination and age, serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) on disease syndromes and mortality in preweaned calves. Approac...

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most frequent congenital virus infection worldwide. The risk of congenital CMV (cCMV) transmission is highest in seronegative women who acquire primary CMV infection during pregnancy. A growing body of evidence indicates that secondary CMV infections in pregnant women with preconceptual immunity (either through reactivation of latent virus or re-infection with a new...

Antepartum maternal vaccination can protect highly sensitive newborns before they are old enough to receive their own vaccines. Two vaccines currently recommended during pregnancy: the flu vaccine and Tdap against tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis. Although there is strong evidence that works offspring, limitations in understanding of transfer immunity compound obscure our how work. Here we focus ...

conclusions it is important to consider tb meningitis in newborns with perinatal ivh and concomitant hydrocephalus particularly when the mother has a history of tb prior to or during pregnancy. introduction congenital tuberculosis is an infrequently encountered condition and only 300 cases were reported in the literature till 1989. there are no specific signs and symptoms pathognomonic for cong...

the aim is the study on the impact of pethedine 4 hours before labor on newborn. data was gathered based on the apgar scores in first and fifth minutes after birth. three groups of mothers were selected: without any use of pethedine, use of pethedine less than 4 hours before labor and use of pethedine more than 4 hours before labor. the data was analyzed by using computer programs. there was no...

Abstract Background : Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a major problem for cattle worldwide during their first year of life. The aim the present study was to evaluate efficacy and longevity immunity live vaccine (NASYM, HIPRA) in presence maternally derived antibodies (MDA). Method Calves (36) were distributed four groups, based on MDA status treatment. They received NASYM or placeb...

Exposure of newborn animals to a foreign Ag may result in immunological tolerance to that specific Ag, a phenomenon called neonatal tolerance. We have previously reported that neonatal administration to Brown-Norway rats of mercury, a heavy metal toxicant, induces a dominant tolerance, specific for the chemical otherwise responsible for Th2 cell-mediated autoimmune responses in this susceptible...