Natural helper (NH) cells are recently discovered innate immune cells that confer protective type 2 immunity during helminth infection and mediate influenza-induced airway hypersensitivity. Little is known about the ontogeny of NH cells. We report in this study that NH cells derive from bone marrow lymphoid progenitors. Using RAG-1Cre/ROSA26(YFP) mice, we show that most NH cells are marked with...

Inspired by biosilicification, biomimetic polymer-silica nanocomposite has aroused a lot of interest from the viewpoints of both scientific research and technological applications. In this study, a novel dual functional polymer, NH₂-Alginate, is synthesized through an oxidation-amination-reduction process. The "catalysis function" ensures the as-prepared NH₂-Alginate inducing biomimetic mineral...

Activation of rat proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) by trypsin involves the unmasking of the tethered sequence S(37)LIGRL(42) that either tethered or on its own as a free peptide, activates PAR2. We aimed to determine whether different peptide sequences acting either as trypsin-revealed tethered ligands or as soluble peptides had the same relative activities for triggering the receptor. A ...

Ammonia emitted from beef cattle feedyards adds excess reactive N to the environment, contributes to degraded air quality as a precursor to secondary particulate matter, and represents a significant loss of N from beef cattle feedyards. We used open path laser spectroscopy and an inverse dispersion model to quantify daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual NH emissions during 2 yr from two commerci...

1,1,1-Trimethylhydrazinium iodide ([(CH(3))(3)N-NH(2)]I, 1) was reacted with a silver salt to form the corresponding nitrate ([(CH(3))(3)N-NH(2)][NO(3)], 2), perchlorate ([(CH(3))(3)N-NH(2)][ClO(4)], 3), azide ([(CH(3))(3)N-NH(2)][N(3)], 4), 5-amino-1H-tetrazolate ([(CH(3))(3)N-NH(2)][H(2)N-CN(4)], 5), and sulfate ([(CH(3))(3)N-NH(2)](2)[SO(4)]·2H(2)O, 6·2H(2)O) salts. The metathesis reaction o...

Calcium dichloride tetra urea was prepared by the reaction of calcium chloride with urea in aqueous solution. The crystals are monoclinic, a= 7.633, b= 12.45 1, c= 8.118 ?,? = 113.17, Z = 4, space group P 2,/a. The crystal structure was determined by single crystal X-ray methods and refined to R= 0.041. The calcium atoms are coordinated to four oxygen atoms of urea and to two chloride ions....

Ammonium (NH(4)(+)) is a ubiquitous intermediate of nitrogen metabolism but is notorious for its toxic effects on most organisms. Extensive studies of the underlying mechanisms of NH(4)(+) toxicity have been reported in plants, but it is poorly understood how plants acclimate to high levels of NH(4)(+). Here, we identified an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, ammonium overly sensitive1...

С использованием «квантовой теории атомов в молекулах» (QTAIM) определены интегральные электронные характеристики (заряды и объемы) функциональных групп NH, C(O)H, SH, CH, OH, CHOH, CHCOOH, COOH, CHC(O)NH, CHS, СН, CH(CH)-OH C(O)NH десяти молекул α-аминокислот такого же количества α-аминоальдегидов. Показано, что преобразование структуры (замена СООН на C(O)H) снижает заряд заместителя аминогру...