the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties (flexural strength, micro-shear bond strength) and remineralizing potential of fissure sealants by adding various concentrations of β-tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles.this in-vitro study consisted of five experimental groups containing prepared nano-fisssure sealants (1-5 wt.% β-tcp nanoparticles) and two control groups contai...

The Knowledge of variations in the lung can help surgeons to control bleeding during pulmonary lobectomy or might be used to reduce post-operative complications. Due to the importance of the knowledge of variations in lungs for clinicians, especially surgeons and radiologists, we report a case with lung lobe and fissure. During the autopsy of a 27-year-old man at the Legal Medicine Organizatio...

The azygos fissure is typically visible on chest radiography as a right paramediastinal supernumerary line in projection of the right lung apex. The azygos vein, located at the bottom of the fissure, is visible as a teardrop-shaped opacity. The empty azygos fissure is a rare finding. It is the consequence of the displacement of the azygos vein out of the fissure with a close paramediastinal pos...

Breast stimulation for inducing uterine contractions has been reported in the medical literature since the 18th century. The American college of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) has described nipple stimulation as a natural and inexpensive nonmedical method for inducing labor. We report on a 37 year old P2 with a singleton pregnancy at 40 weeks gestation who developed tachysystole with a ...

BACKGROUND Nipple-sparing mastectomy warrants thorough preoperative evaluation to effectively achieve risk reduction, high patient satisfaction, and improved aesthetic outcome. To the authors' knowledge, this review represents the largest series of microsurgical breast reconstructions following nipple-sparing mastectomies. METHODS All patients undergoing nipple-sparing mastectomy with microsu...

Nipple discharge is a common breast complaint in women. Discharge in the post-operative patient for breast cancer is especially concerning, as these women are at higher risk for recurrent or new breast cancer. Galactography is a reliable method to evaluate nipple discharge, attempting to identify a mass that may cause the discharge within the duct of concern. We present two cases of women with ...

Nipple discharge is a common symptom that is alarming for the patient since it can be a presenting symptom of breast cancer. Breast imaging is used to examine women with pathologic nipple discharge in order to detect any lesions that may be present and to assist in the differential diagnosis. The modalities of breast imaging include mammography, breast ultrasonography (US), and magnetic resonan...

BACKGROUND Many techniques have been reported for the correction of inverted nipples. However, the conventional methods may be insufficient, especially for moderate to severe inversions. We propose a modification of Elsahy's method and report satisfactory results. METHODS A single-institutional retrospective review was performed for all patients who received the modified operation. Patient ch...

INTRODUCTION Women with extremely large breasts have many complaints. Reduction mammaplasty improves shape and relieves physical symptoms and alleviates psychological complaints. Mammaplasty is a an evolving technique; no single method is ideal or suitable for all breasts. Many techniques are advocated for reduction mammaplasty, including the superior, vertical, horizontal, lateral and inferior...

BACKGROUND Societal awareness of transgender individuals has led to increased acceptance and demand for sex-confirming surgery. In female to male transsexuals, the most common procedure is removal of breast tissue to masculinize the chest. METHODS Eighty-eight transgender patients underwent either a subcutaneous nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) with or without a periareolar mastopexy or nipple...