The objective was to assess the transient association between air pollution and cardiac arrhythmia. Five databases were searched for studies investigating the association between daily increases in air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and ozone) and arrhythmia hospitalization or arrhythmia mortality. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extract...

The authors conducted a 2-year follow-up of 40 cardiovascular disease patients (mean age = 65.6 years (standard deviation, 5.8)) who underwent repeated measurements of cardiovascular response before and during the 2008 Beijing Olympics (Beijing, China), when air pollution was strictly controlled. Ambient levels of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), black c...

This article summarises the latest information on the adverse cardiorespiratory effects of exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) in enclosed ice rinks. Sources of CO and NO(2) emissions are identified, current standards for these agents, as well as methods of controlling the emissions, dispersion, and evacuation of these toxic gases are presented. A detailed literature s...

We investigated the effect of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) on normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells. Inclusion of DEPs in culture media was lethal to NHBE cells. NHBE cells are more susceptible to DEPs than other normal human lung cells, normal human pulmonary artery endothelial cells and normal human embryonic lung fibroblasts. DEP-induced cell death was mainly due to necrosis. Usi...

During the summer of 2009, concentrations of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), oxides of sulphur (SOx), suspended particulate matter (SPM) and carbon monoxide (CO) were collected over successive periods of about 8 hour at eight sites. High volume air sampler was used to measure the concentration of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), oxides of sulphur (Sox), suspended particulate matter (SPM) and CO monitor was ...

BACKGROUND Air pollution has consistently been associated with increased morbidity and mortality due to respiratory and cardiovascular disease. Underlying biological mechanisms are not entirely clear, and hemostasis and inflammation are suggested to be involved. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to study the association of the variation in local concentrations of airborne particulate matter (PM) with ae...

It has been suggested that fumes from diesel engines make an important contribution to atmospheric pollution. This is probably because they are sometimes highly irritant and sometimes very smoky. It is well known that, because of their comparatively low carbon monoxide content, these fumes are much less lethal than those from petrol engines. The leading work on diesel fumes has been done by the...

The slope of phase III of the single-breath nitrogen wash-out test (sbN2-test) measures ventilation inhomogeneity and, in smokers, is strongly associated with small airways pathology. The present authors aimed to study ventilation inhomogeneity in emphysema related to type Z alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) and to assess its relationship with indices of parenchymal damage and airways obstruction. A tot...

ZIF-8, a prototypical zeolitic porous coordination polymer, prepared via the self-assembly of tetrahedral atoms (e.g. Zn and Co) and organic imidazolate linkers, presents large cavities which are interconnected by narrow windows that allow, in principle, molecular sieving. However, ZIF-8 shows flexibility due to the swing of the imidazolate linkers, which results in the adsorption of molecules ...

The main object of the present trials was to ascertain whether ill effects attributable to cordite could be reproduced experimentally. Additional aims were to obtain information on (1) the mode of absorption. of cordite, (2) the influence of cordite fumes on the efficiency of operatives at ambient and at high wet-bulb temperatures, (3) the occurrence of any acquired immunity, (4) the extent, if...