We present spectral measurements made in the soft (20–100 keV) gamma-ray band of the region containing the composite supernova remnant G11.2-0.3 and its associated pulsar PSR J1811−1925. Analysis of INTEGRAL/IBIS data allows characterisation of the system above 10 keV. The IBIS spectrum is best fitted by a power law having photon index Γ = 1.8 +0.4 −0.3 and a 20–100 keV flux of 1.5 ×10 −11 erg ...

BACKGROUND The Neanderthal genome was recently sequenced using DNA extracted from a 38,000-year-old fossil. At the start of the project, the fraction of mammalian and bacterial DNA in the sample was estimated to be <6% and 9%, respectively. Treatment with restriction enzymes prior to sequencing increased the relative proportion of mammalian DNA to 15%, but the large majority of sequences remain...

We have been developing a framework for executable specification of norm-governed multi-agent systems. In this framework, specification is a design-time activity; moreover, there is no support for runtime modification of the specification. Due to environmental, social, or other conditions, however, it is often desirable, or even necessary, to alter the system specification during the system exe...

Amidst growing concerns about workers outliving their retirement savings, a key question-both as a matter of national retirement policy and understanding the potential role of plan design and education in influencing individual decision-making-is how many retiring workers actually choose to annuitize (to take a stream of lifetime income) vs. opting for a lump-sum payment. The key finding of thi...

objective (s):rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder, primarily targeting the synovium and articular cartilage that leads to joint damage. recent reports have suggested the role of adipocytokines in mediating joint damage; however it still is a matter of debate. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between serum values of adiopocytokines (lept...

This work is based on the framework proposed by Conrad (1997) to determine the optimal timing of an investment or policy to slow global warming. While Conrad formulated the problem as a stopping rule option pricing model, we treat the policy decision by considering the total damage function that enables us to make some interesting extensions to the original formulation. We show that Conrad’s fr...

During acute and strenuous exercise, the enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species can induce damage to lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an Ironman triathlon (3.8 km swim, 180 km cycle, 42 km run), as a prototype of ultra-endurance exercise, on DNA stability. As biomarkers of genomic instability, the number of micronuclei, nucleopla...

The higher order spectra of order 3, ie the bispectrum and the normalised bispectrum, the bicoherence, are widely used for many engineering applications for nonlinearity and non-Gaussianity monitoring[1-9]. In particular, the bicoherence method has been applied for detection of nonlinearity and the quadratic phase coupling in waves[1], speech signals[2], control loops[3], fluids[4] and for cond...