background the prevalence of vesicoureteral reflux (vur) is higher in enuretic children than in non-enuretic children. recent studies have reported vur in 6–23% of children with enuresis. objectives to clarify the association of nocturnal enuresis with vesicoureteral reflux (vur) and to identify children who are at risk for vur. conclusions vur is uncommon in children with mne and in those with...

Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a frequent occurrence in sleep and respiratory disorders. Both human and murine studies show that IH may be implicated in metabolic dysfunction. Although the effects of nocturnal low-frequency intermittent hypoxia (IH(L)) have not been extensively examined, it would appear that IH(L) and high-frequency intermittent hypoxia (IH(H)) may elicit distinct metabolic adapt...

Age and the estrus cycle affect time-dependent respiratory responses to episodic hypoxia in female rats. Respiratory long-term facilitation (LTF) is enhanced in middle-aged vs. young female rats (72). We tested the hypothesis that phrenic and hypoglossal (XII) LTF are diminished in acyclic geriatric rats when fluctuating sex hormone levels no longer establish conditions that enhance LTF. Chroni...

Objective(s): The present study was aimed to investigate the influence of thoracic epidural blockade on hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. Materials and Methods: Forty eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups, named normoxia hypoxia hypoxia/ ropivacaine and hypoxia/saline. Animals were placed in a hypoxia chamber and instrumented with epidural catheters at the t...

Especially in aquatic habitats, hypoxia can be an important evolutionary driving force resulting in both convergent and divergent physiological strategies for hypoxic survival. Examining adaptations to anoxic/hypoxic survival in hypoxia-tolerant animals may offer fresh ideas for the treatment of hypoxia-related diseases. Here, we summarise our present knowledge of two fishes that have evolved t...

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a disease characterized by repetitive, partially or complete upper airway obstructions resulting in hypoxia and bioelectrical wakefulness reactions along with sleep. There limited different information on the biochemical pathways that may determine harmful effects OSAS patients severity. Hence, we aimed to estimate plasma levels of polyamine agmatine, ...

patients and methods this study was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. a hundred boys with pmne and ihc were randomly assigned into two groups of experimental (treated with hct 1 mg/kg/day) and control and all patients were followed for 4 months for the number of wet-night episodes. results the mean numbers of wet-night episodes in the first (intervention: 8.34 ± 8.54,...

objective(s): hypoxia is a serious challenge for treatment of solid tumors. this condition has been manifested to exert significant therapeutic effects on glioblastoma multiform or (who) astrocytoma grade iv. hypoxia contributes numerous changes in cellular mechanisms such as angiogenesis, metastasis and apoptosis evasion. furthermore, in molecular level, hypoxia can cause induction of dna brea...

introduction: pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines   such as mcp-1 and il6 can activate microglial cells that has found in some neuro-inflammatory disorders. hypoxia activates cerebral endothelial cells to release these pro-inflammatory mediators. we aimed to investigate the anti-hypoxic effects of different doses of some gabaergic agents. materials and methods: we randomly divided 150 mic...