noise removal operation is commonly applied as pre-processing step before subsequent image processing tasks due to the occurrence of noise during acquisition or transmission process. a common problem in imaging systems by using cmos or ccd sensors is appearance of  the salt and pepper noise. this paper presents cellular automata (ca) framework for noise removal of distorted image by the salt an...

The efficiency of the public transport system in any city depends on integration of its major public transport modes. Suburban railway and public buses are the modes normally used by the majority of commuters in metropolitan cities of developed and developing countries. Integration of these two services reduces overall journey time of an individual. In this research, a model is developed for op...

the new competitive environment changes the paradigm of power system operation. in the transmission area, open access process provides fair accessibility for all market participants. congestion management is one of the most important side effects of this new process. this paper proposes a new approach for congestion management which is based on both active and reactive re-dispatch of the networ...

Increasing evidence has demonstrated toxic effects of ultrafine particles (UFP*, diameter < 100 nm). Children are particularly at risk because of their immature respiratory systems and higher breathing rates per body mass. This study aimed to characterize UFP, PM2.5 (particulate matter < or = 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter), and other vehicular-emitted pollutants in and around school buses....

introduction: tinnitus is a perception of sound without external source. for complete assessment of tinnitus, central auditory processing abilities should be considered in addition to the routine psychological evaluation of tinnitus characteristics. temporal processing is one of the important auditory skills that are necessary for complex higher level auditory processing.   materials and method...

background and aim: there is a controversy about cochlear implant usefulness for users since they do not develop speech and language with equal quality. many researchers by controlling demographic and medical variables in this population suggested the contribution of neuro­cognitive factors such as working memory to this variation. the aim of this study was to com­pare working memory capacity b...

Identification of critical or weak buses for a given operating condition is an important task in the load dispatch centre. It has become more vital in view of the threat of voltage instability leading to voltage collapse. This paper presents a Fuzzy approach for ranking critical buses in a power system under normal and network contingencies based on Line Flow index and voltage profiles at load ...

Due to the continuous increment of the load demand, identification of weaker buses, improvement of voltage profile and power losses in the context of the voltage stability problems has become one of the major concerns for the larger, complex, interconnected power systems. If the voltage profile of the weaker buses is improved, the voltage stability can be improved significantly. Because of the ...

1. INTRODUCTION Providing fast, frequent and reliable bus services is a key requirement for sustainable transport operations in many cities. As a part of achieving this goal, many cities and bus operators are implementing Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) systems to support comprehensive public transport management, real time passenger information and bus priority at traffic signals. In London, ...

OBJECTIVE To observe pupil behaviour on school buses in Israel and identify hazards as a basis for improving school bus safety. METHODS Data on student, bus driver and chaperone behaviours and on hazards associated with school buses, bus loading zones and bus stops were collected during an observational study conducted on school buses in rural communities in Israel. This report focuses on obs...