We initiate a unified, axiomatic study of noncommutative algebras R whose prime spectra are, in a natural way, finite unions of commutative noetherian spectra. Our results illustrate how these commutative spectra can be functorially “sewn together” to form SpecR. In particular, we construct a bimodule-determined functor ModZ → ModR, for a suitable commutative noetherian ring Z, from which there...

Let B be a strictly real commutative real Banach algebra with the carrier space Φ B. If A is a commutative real Banach algebra, then we give a representation of a ring homomorphism ρ : A → B, which needs not be linear nor continuous. If A is a commutative complex Banach algebra, then ρ(A) is contained in the radical of B. 1. Introduction and results. Ring homomorphisms are mappings between two ...

A ring Λ is called a tiled order if Λ is a prime Noetherian semi-prefect semi-distributive ring with non-zero Jacobson radical. Any tiled order can be constructed from a (non-necessarily commutative) discrete valuation ring and an exponent matrix. The latter means a square integer matrix A = (αps), whose diagonal entries are equal to zero, and for all possible indices i, j, k, the following ine...

the bft approach is used to formulate the electronic states in graphene through a non-commutative space in the presence of a constant magnetic field b for the first time. in this regard, we introduce a second class of constrained system, which is not gauge symmetric but by applying bft method and extending phase space, the second class constraints  converts  to the first class constraints so th...

let $r$ be a commutative noetherian ring with non-zero identity, $fa$ an ideal of $r$, and $x$ an $r$--module. here, for fixed integers $s, t$ and a finite $fa$--torsion $r$--module $n$, we first study the membership of $ext^{s+t}_{r}(n, x)$ and $ext^{s}_{r}(n, h^{t}_{fa}(x))$ in the serre subcategories of the category of $r$--modules. then, we present some conditions which ensure the exi...

Let U(KG) be the group of units of the group ring KG of the group G over a commutative ring K . The anti-automorphism g 7→ g of G can be extended linearly to an anti-automorphism a 7→ a∗ of KG . Let S∗(KG) = {x ∈ U(KG) | x∗ = x} be the set of all symmetric units of U(KG) . We consider the following question: for which groups G and commutative rings K it is true that S∗(KG) is a subgroup in U(KG...

Robert Lee Wilson Department of Mathematics Rutgers University The determinant of a matrix with entries in a commutative ring is a main organizing tool in commutative algebra. In these lectures, we present an analogous theory, the theory of quasideterminants, for matrices with entries in a not necessarily commutative ring. The theory of quasideterminants was originated by I. Gelfand and V. Retakh.

In [2] the notion of “uniformly ideal” was introduced and developed the basic theory. In this article we introduce and advance a theory which, in a sense, dual to that i.e, the notion of “uniformly secondary module”.