We use computational experiments to find the rectangles of minimum perimeter into which a given number, n, of non-overlapping congruent circles can be packed. No assumption is made on the shape of the rectangles. In many of the packings found, the circles form the usual regular square-grid or hexagonal patterns or their hybrids. However, for most values of n in the tested range n ≤ 5000, e.g., ...

Combined high precision RBS/channeling, NRA/channeling and perturbed angular studies were used to characterize near-stoichiometric and congruent LiNbO3 single crystals. In congruent LiNbO3 two non-equivalent Li sites are distinguished whereas in near-stoichiometric LiNbO3 only one of them exists. A comparison of the experimental results with Monte Carlo simulations was performed to check the va...

There is a certain consensus on some defining features of collocations (they are frequent, recurrent, conventional, institutionalized, etc.), but there is not much agreement on other characteristics, for example whether or not they constitute binary lexical relations, and, crucially, whether they are arbitrary, and must be stipulated, or should instead be deduced or inferred. I will argue that ...

Malapropisms are real-word errors that lead to syntactically correct but semantically implausible text. We report an experiment on detection and correction of Spanish malapropisms. Malapropos words semantically destroy collocations (syntactically connected word pairs) they are in. Thus we detect possible malapropisms as words that do not form semantically plausible collocations with neighboring...

Fuzzy approach deals with the linguistic properties of elements such as beauty, coldness, hotness etc. Collocations are linguistically motivated. Decision of word combination for being collocation is a linguistic term as merely co-occurrence of word combinations does not signify the presence of collocation. Thus collocation extraction can be made possible by looking its linguistic aspect. In th...

The following study presents a collocation extraction approach based on clustering technique. This study uses a combination of several classical measures which cover all aspects of a given corpus . It suggests separating bigrams found in the corpus in several disjoint groups according to the probability of presence of collocations. This will allow excluding groups where the presence of collocat...

The paper aims at serving two goals. Firstly, attention will be drawn to a class of collocations that, to our knowledge at least, has gone unnoticed so far. Secondly, it will be argued that brute force techniques as they are employed by certain automated collocation search strategies using a quantitative technique plus a mechanism to filter out unwanted combinations is a guaranteed way to miss ...

To automatically extract Chinese collocations and build a large-scale collocation bank, we are developing a one-million-word Chinese shallow parsed treebank. The treebank can be used not only as a training set for our shallow parser, but also as processed data from which collocations are extracted. This paper presents several issues related to this on-going project, such as our definition of sh...

Despite the progress made in study of collocations, their use specialised languages by and large continues to be underresearched. The present article attempts go some way towards filling this gap looking at variation collocations a single term (evidence) as extracted from general corpus legal one, exploring implications such for retrieval collocations. In particular, looks a) overrepresentation...

This paper presents a detailed survey of word co-occurrence measures used in natural language processing. Word co-occurrence information is vital for accurate computational text treatment, it is important to distinguish words which can combine freely with other words from other words whose preferences to generate phrases are restricted. The latter words together with their typical co-occurring ...