‎hensel [k‎. ‎hensel‎, ‎deutsch‎. ‎math‎. ‎verein‎, ‎{6} (1897), ‎83-88.] discovered the $p$-adic number as a‎ ‎number theoretical analogue of power series in complex analysis‎. ‎fix ‎a prime number $p$‎. ‎for any nonzero rational number $x$‎, ‎there‎ ‎exists a unique integer $n_x inmathbb{z}$ such that $x = ‎frac{a}{b}p^{n_x}$‎, ‎where $a$ and $b$ are integers not divisible by ‎$p$‎. ‎then $|x...

Expansive laminoplasty for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) has had favorable outcomes. Many modifications of expansive laminoplasty have been developed, including expansive laminoplasty with and without spinous process spacers (SPS). The purpose of this study was to determine whether surgical outcomes were similar between expansive laminoplasty surgeries with and with...

We introduce the property of pre-expansivity for cellular automata (CA): it is the property of being expansive on asymptotic pairs of configurations (i.e. configurations that differ in only finitely many positions). Pre-expansivity therefore lies between expansivity and pre-injectivity, two important notions of CA theory. We show that there exist one-dimensional pre-expansive CAs which are not ...

In this paper theorems are proved which provide for lifting and projecting expansive homeomorphisms through pseudocovering mappings so that the lift or projection is also an expansive homeomorphism. Using these techniques it is shown that the compact orientable surface of genus 2 admits an expansive homeomorphism.

We consider the problem of straightening chains in d ≥ 3 dimensions, possibly embedded into higher dimensions, using expansive motions. For any d ≥ 3, we show that there is an open chain in d dimensions that is not straight and not self-touching yet has no expansive motion. Furthermore, for any ∆ > 0 and d ≥ 3, we show that there is an open chain in d dimensions that cannot be straightened usin...

A general approach to the non-expansive M band decomposition of finite length signals is presented. The technique is based on linear signal extensions and can be applied to all types of linear and non-linear phase M band perfect reconstruction filter banks. The signal expansion is described by a linear transformation on the input signal and the extended subband samples can be easily found using...

The research reported here examined the relative effectiveness of semantic mapping, as an interactive pre-reading strategy, on reading comprehension of Iranian undergraduate students (non-EFL majors). It also examined whether there was an interaction between gender and the effect of teaching semantic mapping strategy on reading comprehension. The participants in this study consisted of 120 male...

We investigate the interrelationships between the dynamical properties of commuting continuous maps of a compact metric space. Let X be a compact metric space. First we show the following. If τ : X → X is an expansive onto continuous map with the pseudo-orbit tracing property (POTP) and if there is a topologically mixing continuous map φ : X → X with τφ = φτ , then τ is topologically mixing. If...

Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) occupies an increasingly important role in engineering with all it has to offer in terms of new possibilities and improving designer/manufacturer productivity. The present study addresses machining of free-form surfaces on a 3-axis NCmachine tool. There have recently been a large number of studies devoted to planning tool paths on free-form surfaceswith variou...