نتایج جستجو برای: non smoking women
تعداد نتایج: 1725069 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Background and Aim: Mortality from cardiovascular and other chronic diseases has increased in Iran. Our aim was to estimate the effects of smoking and high systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), and body mass index (BMI) on mortality and life expectancy, nationally and sub-nationally using representative data and comparable methods. Materials and M...
BACKGROUND In Iranian women, the use of hookah is the most common method of tobacco smoking. This study aimed to find the role of psycho-social needs and gaps as a possible risk factor for hookah smoking initiation in women. METHODS This qualitative study was conducted during 2012-2013 in Tehran, Iran. Thirty-six women participated in the study. They were current or former users of hookah. Da...
BACKGROUND Smoking is considered the most important preventable risk factor in relation to the development of complications during pregnancy and delivery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an intensive 6-week gold standard programme (GSP) on pregnant women in real life. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study based on data from a national Danish registry on smokin...
BACKGROUND The role of passive smoking on cervical carcinogenesis remains controversial. We investigated the association of passive smoking with the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. METHODS The study recruited 1,322 women, aged 18-65 with normal cytology (n = 592), CIN1 (n = 420), CIN2/3 (n = 165), and cervical cancer (n = 145) from 2006 to 2009. This stud...
OBJECTIVE To examine whether trends in smoking behaviour in Western Europe between 1985 and 2000 differed by education group. DESIGN Data of smoking behaviour and education level were obtained from national cross sectional surveys conducted between 1985 and 2000 (a period characterised by intense tobacco control policies) and analysed for countries combined and each country separately. Annual...
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of passive smoking with respiratory symptoms and clinical correlates in married women in a rural area of Pakistan. METHOD A Cross-sectional study was carried out on married women of Nurpur Shahan (rural Islamabad) by means of an Interviewer administered questionnaire. Systematic sampling of households was done. A total of 296 women were surveyed. The s...
Tobacco smoking is a national public health problem that has been associated with numerous adverse health effects, including increased disease and cancer rates. Previous review articles on smoking in specific demographic populations have focused on smoking in women and on smoking in African Americans, but have not considered the dual roles of ethnicity and gender in smoking behavior. African Am...
background: the present study aimed to determine the association between constructs of the health belief model (hbm) (i.e. perceived susceptibility to smoking health-related problems, perceived barriers to non-smoking, perceived benefits of non-smoking, and perceived self-efficacy to non-smoking and cues to action of non-smoking) and cigarette smoking among male pre-university students. methods...
Current evidence confirms that young women who smoke or who have regular long-term exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) have an increased risk of developing premenopausal breast cancer. The aim of this research was to examine the responses of young women to health information about the links between active smoking and SHS exposure and breast cancer and obtain their advice about messaging approach...
BACKGROUND Korean women are known to have a very low smoking rate. However, the actual smoking rate among Korean women is higher than 10% and may continue to increase gradually. In addition, some Korean women use extreme weight control methods that have potentially harmful effects. This study was conducted to elucidate weight control methods related to cotinine-verified smoking among Korean adu...
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