although host species generally face increased risk of brood parasitism in fragmented temperate landscapes and forest edge, little information exists to assess such risks in tropical birds. we studied how cuculidae species populations, host species population, and micro-environmental variables changed along an edge-to-interior gradient in peninsular malaysia. bird observations and environmental...

An irregular vertex in a tiling by polygons is of one tile and belongs to the interior an edge another tile. In this paper we show that for any integer $$k\geq 3$$ , there exists normal Euclidean plane convex hexagons unit area with exactly $$k$$ vertices. Using same approach are edge-to-edge tilings many $$n$$ -gons ( $$n>6$$ ) area. A result Akopyan yields upper bound depending on maximal dia...

Edge detection has been a popular practice in image processing and computer vision applications. Many image processing applications require the discovery of edge details in the gray or color images as a beginning stage of an image processing, vision and understanding. Generally, edge detection on grayscale images is not affluent enough to explain intensity changes. Therefore, we can use color e...

We develop a new framework for analysing finite connected, oriented graphs of valency four, which admit a vertex-transitive and edge-transitive group of automorphisms preserving the edge orientation. We identify a sub-family of ‘basic’ graphs such that each graph of this type is a normal cover of at least one basic graph. The basic graphs either admit an edge-transitive group of automorphisms t...

Serial (baseline and 9-month follow-up) intravascular ultrasound analysis was performed at 5-mm reference segments immediately proximal and distal to the sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) in 33 lesions. Proximal and distal reference segments were divided into 1-mm subsegments. Between postintervention and follow-up intravascular ultrasound studies, there were significant decreases in the lumen and ...

The normal retinotectal path in the diencephalon of Xenopus tadpoles is widely distributed in the form of a wedge of fibres extending from the central grey to the outer margin of the diencephalon. Regenerating optic nerve fibres were shown, by silver-staining and proline autoradiography, to follow an abnormal path up the extreme lateral edge of the diencephalon. Study of tadpoles at various sta...

 Abstract: This paper presents the results of an experimental examination of the effect of non-uniform wall temperature on local heat transfer coefficient in a rotating smooth-walled square channel. Three different thermal boundary situations were investigated: (a) even and odd (four) wall uniform temperature, (b) even and odd (four) wall uniform heat flux, and (c) even (leading and trailing) w...

This study presents a dynamic-induced direct-shear model to investigate the dynamic triggering of frictional slip on simulated granular gouges. An incident P-wave is generated as a shear load and a normal stress is constantly applied on the gouge layer. The shear stress accumulates in the incident stage and the frictional slip occurs in the slip stage without the effect of the reflected wave. T...

We derive several algorithms for curves and surfaces represented using normal coordinates. The normal coordinate representation is a very succinct representation of curves and surfaces. For embedded curves, for example, its size is logarithmically smaller than a representation by edge intersections in a triangulation. Consequently, fast algorithms for normal representations can be exponentially...