In Asia, the concept of dietary reference values is shifting from recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) to dietary reference intakes (DRIs). To assist Asian countries that are planning to develop or revise their own DRIs, this study summarizes the scientific literature used in the development of the latest DRIs for the Japanese (DRIs-J 2010): it aims to clarify critical issues on- and discuss f...

We study a distributed learning process observed in human groups and other social animals. This learning process appears in settings in which each individual in a group is trying to decide over time, in a distributed manner, which option to select among a shared set of options. Specifically, we consider a stochastic dynamics in a group in which every individual selects an option in the followin...

This paper develops mathematical representations for neuro-anatomically signiicant substructures of the brain and their variability in a population. The focus of the paper is on the neuro-anatomical variation of the geometry and the \shape" of 2-dimensional surfaces in the brain. As examples, we focus on the cortical and hippocampal surfaces in an ensemble of Macaque monkeys and human MRI brain...

It is generally believed that there is an inverse relationship between population growth and vegetation cover. However, reports about vegetation protection and reforestation around the World have been continuously increasing in recent decades, which seems to indicate that this relationship may not be true. In this paper, we have taken 21 cities in Guangdong Province, China as the study area to ...

We present an analysis of the period-V -amplitude plane for RR0 Lyrae stars (fundamental mode pulsators) with “normal” light curves in the bulge using the MACHO bulge fields. Although bulge globular clusters have RR Lyraes that divide into two reasonable distinct groups according to the average period of the RR0 Lyraes (Oosterhoff 1939), there is no evidence of a gap between Oosterhoff I and II...

Ore-reserve estimations of deposits with low mineral concentrations, such as those of copper, gold and tin, are usually made on the assumption that the grades follow a lognormal distribution. Multiple mineralization or reworking of a deposit may have modified the simple distribution expected — producing an overall distribution of grades which can be adequately described by a mixture of lognorma...

QBI in 162 directions (b=4500 s/mm2). In panel a), colors encode principal sheet direction and both techniques show good qualitative agreement. However, closer inspection of the SNDFs shows intravoxel sheet crossing which cannot be resolved with conventional DTI. Panel b) illustrates this for the framed voxel from a), where the DTI sheet normal direction lies in between two distinct sheet popul...

Background Measurement of native T1 and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) allow quantification of diffuse myocardial fibrosis. Normal references ranges are not definitively established. The concept of increasing fibrosis with age is widely held, despite a lack of supportive evidence from tissue studies some of which say the opposite (Olivetti 1991) or point to other age changes eg myocardial ...

Cauchy problem in a product space (that may be particularly involved). For example, consider the heat equation  ∂u ∂t (t, x) = ∆u(t, x), t ≥ 0, x ∈ Ω, ∂w ∂t (t, z) = − ∂w ∂n (t, z), t ≥ 0, z ∈ ∂Ω, w(t, z) = u(t, z), t ≥ 0, z ∈ ∂Ω, where − ∂ ∂n denotes the outer normal derivative. This can be written as U ′(t) = ( ∆ 0 − ∂ ∂n 0 ) U(t), where U = ( u u|∂Ω ) . Observe that a relationship between ...