background: dystocia is the most common indication of primary cesarean section. the most common cause of dystocia is uterine dysfunction. in prolonged labor, more attention is usually paid to the fetus and pelvis rather than to the role of uterine contractions in a delivery. therefore, we decided to determine the relationship between the labor progress and uterine contractions shapes . methods:...

The presence of an abnormal vaginal microflora in early pregnancy is a risk factor for preterm delivery. There is no investigation on vaginal flora dominated by lactic acid bacteria and possible association with preterm delivery. We assessed the dominant vaginal Lactobacillus species in healthy pregnant women in early pregnancy in relation to pregnancy outcome. We observed 111 low risk pregnant...

OBJECTIVES The goal of our study was to assess the effect of water birth on obstetrical outcome, the maternal and neonatal infection rate in a selected low risk collective. STUDY DESIGN In this prospective observational study (1998-2002) 513 women, wished to have a water birth. The study was approved by the local ethical committee, informed consent was obtained. According to the course of del...

background with the advent of hystroscopic surgery, abnormalities confined to the uterine cavity such as endometrial polyps, submucous myomas, uterine septae and synechia , were supposed to be treated effectively. diagnostic hysteroscopy is the gold standard for investigating the intrauterine diseases as it allows for biopsy and removal of lesions. objectives forty premenopausal women without t...

Childbirth is one of the most painful phenomena that women will tolerate in their lifetime. Labor pain is recognized as one of the most severe human pain [1,2].Severe pain associated to vaginal delivery can cause abnormal uterine action during labor which might lead to increased medical interventions such as caesarian section (C/S) [3]. According to world health report, the rate of C/S in Iran ...

BACKGROUND Physiological changes during pregnancy may affect laboratory parameters. Reference values based on samples from non-pregnant women are not necessarily useful for clinical decisions during pregnancy. There is a need to establish reference values during pregnancy in order to recognize pathological conditions. METHODS Eight hundred and one women with expected normal pregnancies were i...