150) Using a partially grounded theory approach, we examine multilevel learning processes over time at four British Columbia forest companies in response to significant changes in their environment. We identify a self-reinforcing ‘legitimacy trap’, where organizations respond with moral indignation and the escalation of normative commitment to an institutionalized practice when they are subject...

In this paper we introduce organizations and roles in Shoham and Tennenholtz’ artificial social systems, using a normative system. We model how real agents determine the behavior of organizations by playing roles in the organization, and how the organization controls the behavior of agents playing a role in it. We consider the design of an organization in terms of roles and the assignment of ag...

A normative system is defined as any set of interacting agents whose behavior can usefully be regarded as norm-directed [9]. Most organizations, and more specifically institutions, fall under this definition. Interactions in these normative systems are regulated by normative templates that describe desired behavior in terms of deontic concepts (obligations, prohibitions and permissions), deadli...

Using a social exchange framework, we examined the relationship of work status (in)congruency with organization-specific and job-specific aspects of perceived employer commitment and with nurses’ commitment to their organization, to their job, and to their profession. The participants were 1,230 female nurses employed in community health agencies in Canada. Part-time nurses preferring full-time...

Social anxiety is a psychological disorder affected by cognitive aspects of person. The aim of study was to investigate the role of informational, normative, and avoidance identity styles in predicting the variance of social anxiety amongst Iranian medical science students. Using stratified sampling method, one hundred and twenty students were selected from each of the colleges of medicine, pha...