In most attempts to model legal systems as formal argumentation systems, legal norms are viewed as an argumentation’s system inference rules. Since in formal argumentation systems inference rules are generally assumed to be fixed and independent from the inferences they enable, this approach fails to capture the dialectical connection between norms and arguments, where on the one hand legal arg...

The introduction of social identity into an economic framework provides a new way in which norms can affect preferences. We present experimental results that test the impact of norms on social identity dependent choice. We use a 2 (identity prime) × 2 (choice or norms) experimental design to separately and directly elicit empirical measures of identity dependent norms for eleven different redis...

adducibility to cultural norms is created, when criminalization system and cultural norms are in opposite. according to this approach, when an act is criminalized and it is advised according to some special cultural norms, adducing of defendant to cultural norms in different steps of criminal process, creates a concept which is called adducibility to cultural norms. this research by using quali...

In many optimization problems, a solution can be viewed as ascribing a “cost” to each client, and the goal is to optimize some aggregation of the per-client costs. We often optimize some Lp-norm (or some other symmetric convex function or norm) of the vector of costs—though different applications may suggest different norms to use. Ideally, we could obtain a solution that optimizes several norm...

INTRODUCTION The present study translated and adapted the Affective Norms for English Words (ANEW) to Brazilian Portuguese (ANEW-Br) and collected emotionality measures for a set of 1,046 words in Brazilian Portuguese. METHOD A sample of 755 male and female undergraduate students used the valence and arousal scales of the Self-Assessment Manikin to judge the emotionality of 1,046 words in Bra...

This paper proposes a normative structure to represent and analyze sets of norms that takes into consideration both the interrelationships between different norms and the context of their applications. This extends current approaches where relations between norms are not explicitly considered. More importantly, the explicit representation of institutional contexts on norms facilitates a context...

In order to automatically infer the resource consumption of programs, analyzers track how data sizes change along a program’s execution. Typically, analyzers measure the sizes of data by applying norms which are mappings from data to natural numbers that represent the sizes of the corresponding data. When norms are defined by taking type information into account, they are named typed-norms. The...

Norms are essential to extend inference: inferences based on norms are far richer than those based on logical implications. In the recent decades, much effort has been devoted to reason on a domain, once its norms are represented. How to extract and express those norms has received far less attention. Extraction is difficult: as the readers are supposed to know them, the norms of a domain are s...

We present an agent-based model designed to study the cultural evolution of age-at-marriage norms. We review theoretical arguments and empirical evidence on the existence of norms proscribing marriage outside of an acceptable age interval. Using a definition of norms as constraints built in agents, we model the transmission of norms, and of mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of norms....

Some of the most important questions in the area of decision making under uncertainty deal with individual decisions to conform to or violate norms of behavior. The decision to conform to a norm is complicated by uncertainty about the norms others hold (Bohnet and Zeckhauser, 2004) and strong inclinations to behave collectively Milgram (1977). (For the present purpose, we adopt the broad defini...