Background: Androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in prostate cancer and male sexual differentiation.Mechanisms by which AR acts and regulations of AR nucleocytoplasmic shuttling are not understood well. Materials and Methods: Degenerate PCR and RACE Cloning of AR Gene; Phylogenetic Analysis and Molecular Modeling;Real-time Fluorescent Quantitative RT-PCR; Northern Blot Hybridization;In ...

The 13C chemical shifts for a series of compounds which includes carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ethers, ketones and hydrocarbons were simulated by using the parametric techniques. The observed chemical shifts were related to numerically encoded structural parametes called descriptors. Two new electronic descriptors were added to the previous descriptors. Ploting of experimental ver...

The beneficial effects of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in heart failure appear to be independent, at least in part, of their effect on blood pressure. The existence of a local cardiac renin angiotensin system is often suggested as an explanation. It has been known for some time that a substantial proportion of arterially delivered angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II b...

We herewith present a novel approach to predict protein-ligand binding modes from the single two-dimensional structure of the ligand. Known protein-ligand X-ray structures were converted into binary bit strings encoding protein-ligand interactions. An artificial neural network was then set up to first learn and then predict protein-ligand interaction fingerprints from simple ligand descriptors....

1. Plasma prorenin (inactive renin), which accounts for about 70% of the total renin in human plasma, was almost completely separated from active renin by affinity chromatography on Cibacron blue F3G-A-agarose. The slight residual renin activity present in the prorenin peak can be removed on concanavalin A-Sepharose, demonstrating that prorenin is completely inactive. 2. The renin activity of b...

The molecular biology of renin, prorenin, and the renin gene have been studied. A tissue-specific pattern of expression was found in rat and human tissues. In the human placenta, the transfected and endogenous renin promoters are active, and renin mRNA levels and transfected promoter activity are increased by a calcium ionophore plus cAMP. Cultured pituitary AtT-20 cells transfected with a prep...

RENIN IS THE RATE-LIMITING enzyme in the renin-angiotensin system that is responsible for the control of blood pressure and fluid homeostasis. In the adult mammalian kidney, renin is synthesized, stored, and released by the juxtaglomerular (JG) cells, which are confined to the vascular wall of the afferent arteriole at the entrance of the glomerulus. To reach its final differentiated state, a r...

Structural bioinformatics provides new tools for investigating protein-protein interactions at the molecular level. We present two types of structural descriptors for efficiently representing and comparing protein-protein binding sites and surface patches. The descriptors are based on distributions of distances between five types of functional atoms, thereby capturing the spatial arrangement of...