A patterned carbon film was produced from Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) by the implementation of a novel method named Chemical Masking Perforation (CMP). The following paper describes this procedure, starting with sulfonation precursor polymer LLDPE Chlorosulphonic acid to stabilize material, followed Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) evaluation compare atomic bonds stabi...

Precursor molecules of Escherichia coli wild type and mutant tyrosine tRNA’s contain at both their 5’ and 3’ termini extra nucleotides in addition to those of the mature tRNA molecule. The early steps of processing these precursor molecules must involve specific ribonuclease cleavage. We report the isolation from E. coli extracts of the specific endonucleolytic RNase which cleaves only a single...

We report the presence of an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaf mitochondria. The proteolysis was observed as degradation of newly imported precursor protein. The precursor studied was that of the ATP synthase F1 beta subunit of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, transcribed and translated in vitro. Degradation of pre-F1 beta was observed during kinetic studies of im...

In many organisms, single neural stem cells can generate both neurons and glia. How are these different cell types produced from a common precursor? In Drosophila, glial cells missing (gcm) is necessary and sufficient to induce glial development in the CNS. gcm mRNA has been reported to be asymmetrically localized to daughter cells during precursor cell division, allowing the daughter cell to p...

astigmatism’s defect has not yet been formulated in physics and medical physics books theoretically. in this paper, we are trying to formulate the astigmatism’s defect. the results of formulation show that “the degree of astigmatism is negative reverse the distance that vision’s condition of astigmatism’s chart lines change conditions in dimness angle from dimness condition at infinite distance...

Productive picornavirus infection requires the hijacking of host cell pathways to aid with the different stages of virus entry, synthesis of the viral polyprotein, and viral genome replication. Many picornaviruses, including foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), assemble capsids via the multimerization of several copies of a single capsid precursor protein into a pentameric subunit which further...