Selective nuclear import is mediated by nuclear localization signals (NLSs) and cognate transport factors known as karyopherins or importins. Karyopherin alpha recognizes "classical" monopartite and bipartite NLSs. We report the crystal structure of a 50 kDa fragment of the 60 kDa yeast karyopherin alpha, in the absence and presence of a monopartite NLS peptide at 2.2 A and 2.8 A resolution, re...

Far1p is a bifunctional protein that is required to arrest the cell cycle and to establish cell polarity during yeast mating. Far1p is localized predominantly in the nucleus but accumulates in the cytoplasm in cells exposed to pheromones. Here we show that Far1p functions in both subcellular compartments: nuclear Far1p is required to arrest the cell cycle, whereas cytoplasmic Far1p is involved ...

The function of many eukaryotic proteins is regulated by highly dynamic changes in their nucleocytoplasmic distribution. The ability to precisely and reversibly control nuclear translocation would, therefore, allow dissecting and engineering cellular networks. Here we develop a genetically encoded, light-inducible nuclear localization signal (LINuS) based on the LOV2 domain of Avena sativa phot...

Duck enteritis virus (DEV) multifunctional tegument protein UL13 is predicted to be a conserved herpesvirus kinase; however, little known about its subcellular localization signal. In this study, through transfection of 2 nuclear signals DEV fused enhanced green fluorescent protein, bipartite (NLS) were identified. We found that ivermectin blocked the NLS-mediated import UL13, showing signal cl...

Translocation of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus is induced by phenobarbital-like drugs. Nuclear localization signals (NLSs) and a sequence [xenochemical response signal (XRS)] required for xenobiotic-induced nuclear translocation have been defined in rat and human CAR, but a nuclear export signal (NES) has not been identified. To identify cellular local...

Ligand regulated localization controllable protein constructs were optimized in this study. Several constructs were made from a classical nuclear export signal (HIV-rev, MAPKK, or progesterone receptor) in combination with a SV40 T-antigen type nuclear import signal. Different ligand binding domains (LBDs from glucocorticoid receptor or progesterone receptor) were also tested for their ability ...