The nucleus is a highly organized arrangement of RNA, DNA, and protein molecules that are compartmentalized within three-dimensional (3D) structures involved in shared functional regulatory processes. Although RNA has long been proposed to play global role organizing nuclear structure, exploring this remained challenge because no existing methods can simultaneously measure DNA contacts 3D struc...

The shape of atomic nuclei is often interpreted to possess a quadrupole deformation that fluctuates around some average profile. We investigate the impact nuclear fluctuations on initial state geometry in heavy ion collisions, particularly its eccentricity $$\varepsilon _2$$ and inverse size $$d_{\perp }$$ , which can be related elliptic radial flow final state. fluctuation overall enhances var...