This article reviews ‘Pillars of Prosperity’ by Timothy Besley and Torsten Persson and ‘Why Nations Fail’ by Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson. Both books are focussed on the role of institutions in determining the wealth of nations and the review compares and contrasts the different approaches contained in the two texts. The review also attempts to locate the texts within the broader literatur...

Corruption and the Shadow Economy: An Empirical Analysis This paper analyzes the influence of the shadow economy on corruption and vice versa. We hypothesize that corruption and shadow economy are substitutes in high income countries while they are complements in low income countries. The hypotheses are tested for a crosssection of 120 countries and a panel of 70 countries for the period 1994-2...

The present study was conducted to evaluate the fertility status of kinnow orchards at Rawatsar and Fatehgarh soil series Hanumangarh district in irrigated area arid Rajasthan. All soils were found saline nature, EC2 all orchard samples normal. calcium carbonate content showed increasing trend with depth, low organic carbon available N, medium P2 O5, high K2O content, majority Fe, Mn sufficient...

A novel instrumented baffle surrounding the suspended end mirror in input mode cleaner cavity of Virgo interferometer was installed Spring 2021. Since then, device has been regularly operated experiment, and data collected show good stability. The will operate upcoming O4 observation run, serving as a demonstrator technology designed to instrument baffles front main mirrors time for O5. In this...