The widespread emergence of innumerable technologies within health care has complicated the choices facing caregivers and their patients. The escalation of knowledge and technical innovation has been accompanied by an erosion of moral and ethical consensus among health providers that is reflected in the abandonment of the Hippocratic Oath as the immutable bedrock of medical ethics. Ethical conf...

At the beginning of 17th century, Russia’s central government ordered peoples Siberia to swear oaths allegiance (shert’). The oath text determines that one who takes becomes a subject Russian monarch. appealed in case conflicts with or for avoiding such negotiations. Siberian had renew their whenever tsar changed (and nomadic leader as well). also called on when replacing governors towns, which...

MEDICAL ethics may be described as a code of behaviour accepted voluntarily by the profession, as opposed to statutes and regulations imposed by official legislation. In many instances these are synonymous; for example, ethical matters constituting "infamous conduct" have for over a century been guarded by an official body, the General Medical Council. Numerous aspects of medical practice still...

From the Hippocratic Oath to the Russell–Einstein Manifesto, from Maimonides’ Oath to the Declaration of Geneva (the Physician’s Oath), human history reveals an abundance of pledges, guidelines and laws to regulate the relationship between professionals and society. However, increasing concerns about the new and emerging ethical aspects of biomedical research, and its potential for abuse, have ...