In this paper, a bi-objective model is presented for dynamic and integrated network design of a new entrant competitive closed-loop supply chain. To consider dynamism and integration in the network design problem, multiple long-term periods are regarded during planning horizon, so that each long-term period includes several short-term periods. Furthermore, a chain to chain competition between t...

With the daily expansion of global energy consumption, developing power grids is uttermost importance. However, building a new transmission line costly and time-consuming, so utilizing same lines with possible higher capacity very cost-effective. In this regard, to increase lines, flexible alternating current system (FACTS) has been widely used in recent years by industrialized countries. One e...

In this paper, for topology optimization of double layer grids, an efficient optimization method is presented by combination of Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) and Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) which is called ICA-GSA method. The present hybrid method is based on ICA but the moving of countries toward their relevant imperialist is done using the la...