In this paper we start in section 2 with an introduction to the basic facts of interval arithmetic: We introduce the arithmetic operations, explain how the range of a given function can be included and discuss the problem of overestimation of the range. Finally we demonstrate how range inclusion (of the first deriva.tive of a given function) can be used to compute zeros by a so-called enclosure...

The purpose of this study was to identify off-ice variables that would correlate to on-ice skating sprint performance and cornering ability. Previous literature has not reported any off-ice testing variables that strongly correlate to on-ice cornering ability in ice hockey players. Thirty-six male hockey players aged 15-22 years (mean +/- SD: 16.3 +/- 1.7 years; weight = 70.8 +/- 10.4 kg; heigh...

While the effects of legal and institutional arrangements on political participation are well documented, little attention has been given to the potential participatory effects of one of the United States’ most important electoral laws: constitutionally mandated reapportionment. By severing the ties between constituents and their incumbents, we argue, redistricting raises information costs, lea...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum concentrations of the hormone leptin with growth and carcass traits insix distinct breeds of pigs entered into the 2000 National Barrow Show Sire Progeny Test. Breeds evaluated were Berkshire (n = 131), Chester White (n = 33), Duroc (n = 40), Landrace (n = 23), Poland China (n = 26), and Yorkshire (n = 41). Serum samples...

A major challenge facing system designers is to ensure that a system that has been successfully evaluated in the laboratory will be successfully fielded. Off-nominal testing, in which unexpected conditions are evaluated, is proposed as a method to meet this challenge. Off-nominal testing allows for increased understanding of the humanmachine system under evaluation, may uncover design issues th...

BACKGROUND The otoliths act as gravito-inertial force sensors and contribute to the perception of spatial orientation. The perception of gravitational vertical can be assessed by asking a subject to adjust a light bar to the vertical. Prior to clinical use of the SVV (subjective visual vertical) test, normative data and test-retest reliability must be established. PURPOSE To obtain normative ...