Firms can voluntarily create independent firms to implement their technologically distant innovations and capture value through capital markets. We argue that when repeatedly compete make innovations, there is inefficient external implementation of “excessive” creation such firms. This inefficiency most exacerbated in the early stages an industry, number still limited.

Competition and predation are fundamental interactions structuring food webs. However, rather than always following these neat theoretical categories, mixed interactions are ubiquitous in nature. Of particular importance are omnivorous species, such as intra-guild predators that can both compete with and predate on their prey. Here, we examine trade-offs between competitive and predatory capaci...

Cox & Leland (2000) used techniques from the field of stochastic control theory to show that in the particular case of a Brownian motion for the asset log-returns risk averse decision makers with a fixed investment horizon prefer path-independent pay-offs over path-dependent ones. In this note we provide a novel and simple proof for the Cox & Leland result and we will extend it to general Lévy ...

OBJECTIVE To purpose news body mass index (BMI) cut offs to 7 to 12 years old scholars. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 1.413 scholars of 7 to 12 years old selected of aleatory way. Were measured the BMI, total cholesterol (TC), and systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). To the date analyze were used the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) and the bivariate analyze. RESULTS...

Many people insist that their commitments to certain values (e.g. love, honor, justice) are absolute and inviolable - in effect, sacred. They treat the mere thought of trading off sacred values against secular ones (such as money) as transparently outrageous - in effect, taboo. Economists insist, however, that in a world of scarce resources, taboo trade-offs are unavoidable. Research shows that...

Versatile dependability is a software architecture that aims to quantify the trade-offs among a system’s fault-tolerance, performance and resource requirements, and that provides system-level “knobs” for tuning these trade-offs. We propose a visual representation of the trade-off space of dependable systems, and discuss design principles that allow the tuning of such trade-offs along multiple d...

Spin-offs – the process by which employees of an established organization leave this organization in order to create a new one – are a common phenomenon. In certain industries, such as management consulting, they even constitute the prevailing mode of entry (Garvin, 1983). Spin-offs are an inevitable by-product of Corporate Entrepreneurship programs and as such rather frequent in hi tech compan...

Qualitative probabilistic networks have been designed for probabilistic reasoning in a qualitative way. As a consequence of their coarse level of representation detail, qualitative probabilistic networks do not provide for resolving trade-offs and typically yield ambiguous results upon inference. We present an algorithm for computing more informative results for unresolved trade-offs. The algor...