Scaling of gadgets in mass CMOS engineering helps short direct impacts and increment in spillage. Static arbitrary access memory (SRAM) is required to involve 90% of the zone of Soc. Since spillage turns into the essential variable in SRAM cell, it is actualized utilizing FinFet. FinFet gadgets got to be better option for profound submicron advances. In this paper, 6t SRAM cell is actualized ut...

This paper deals with the application of steam to enhance the recovery from petroleum reservoirs. We formulate a mathematical and numerical model that simulates coinjection of volatile oil with steam into a porous rock in a one-dimensional setting. We utilize the mathematical theory of conservation laws to validate the numerical simulations. This combined numerical and analytical approach revea...

To provide supplementary oil recovery after the primary and secondary processes, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques are introduced. Carbonated water injection (CWI) as an EOR method can improve sweep efficiency and the risk of gas leakage. On the other hand, the interfacial tension (IFT) is one of the key factors which can affect fluid displacement during the process of CWI greatly. Therefo...

wettability alteration is one of the most important methods for oil recovery from sandstone andcarbonate reservoirs. the effects of salinity, ph, temperature, and chemicals such as surfactants andfatty acids on the alteration of the wettability were described in previous studies. in recent years,attention has been directed to nanoparticles as a wettability alteration agent. the effect of somena...

INTRODUCTION Protect the oil wells to increase their longevity is now one of the major oil-producing countries is difficult. Each year, an extraordinary global budget for research on EOR and MEOR (enhanced oil recovery methods) is allocated. In addition, the owners of these vessels extraordinary efforts to exploit new, lower cost, and highly efficient techniques. A new and promising way to incr...

In this paper, Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) is introduced and its advantages over ordinary steam injection is demonstrated. A simple simulation model is built and three scenarios of natural production, ordinary steam injection, and SAGD are compared in terms of their cumulative oil production and cumulative oil steam ratio. The results show that SAGD can significantly enhance oil prod...

Water-soluble polymers are known to be used in chemically enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes, but their applications are limited in high-temperature and high-salinity oil reservoirs because of their inherent poor salt tolerance and weak thermal stability. Hydrophobic association of partially hydrolyzed polyacryamide (HAHPAM) complexed with silica nanoparticles to prepare nano-hybrids is repo...

Oil recovery by waterflooding in fractured formations is often dependent on spontaneous imbibition. However, spontaneous imbibition is often insignificant in oil-wet, carbonate rocks. Sodium carbonate and anionic surfactant solutions are evaluated for enhancing oil recovery by spontaneous imbibition from oil-wet carbonate rocks. Crude-oil samples must be free of surface-active contaminants to b...

Recently, nano-EOR has emerged as a new frontier for improved and enhanced oil recovery (IOR & EOR). Despite their benefits, the nanoparticles tend to agglomerate at reservoir conditions which cause their detachment from the oil/water interface, and are consequently retained rather than transported through a porous medium. Dielectric nanoparticles including ZnO have been proposed to be a good r...