Otitis media (OM), characterized by the presence of mucus overproduction and excess inflammation in the middle ear, is the most common childhood infection. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) pathogen is responsible for approximately one-third of episodes of bacteria-caused OM. Current treatments for bacterial OM rely on the systemic use of antibiotics, which often leads to the emergence ...

Optical mapping (OM) has been used in microbiology for the past 20 years, initially as a technique to facilitate DNA sequence-based studies; however, with decreases in DNA sequencing costs and increases in sequence output from automated sequencing platforms, OM has grown into an important auxiliary tool for genome assembly and comparison. Currently, there are a number of new and exciting applic...

In Bacteroides buccae, a hexagonally arranged periodic structure was found in the outer membrane (OM), in addition to hexagonal lattices present in its external surface layer (S-layer). This crystalline OM protein (COMP) was present as patches on the concave fracture face (the outer leaflet) of the OM in freeze-fractured cells. Occasionally, hexagonally arranged structures could also be seen on...

INTRODUCTION Research on the mechanisms regulating tendon healing has predominantly focused on mechanical rather than biological features. Over the last decade, however, accumulating data suggests that besides cytokines and vascular factors also neuronal mediators are critical components of tissue repair. A variety of neuronal mediators, so called neuropeptides, have been identified and found t...

OBJECTIVE To assess risk factors of otitis media (OM) in six-months-old children. METHOD The sample consisted of 69,105 mothers and their children from the Danish National Birth Cohort. The women were interviewed twice during pregnancy and again 6 months after birth. The outcome "one or more" maternal reported episodes of OM at age six months. In total 37 factors were assessed, covering prena...

The outer membrane (OM) of gram-negative bacteria forms a protective layer around the cell that serves as a permeability barrier to prevent unrestricted access of noxious substances. The permeability barrier of the OM results partly from the limited pore diameters of OM diffusion channels. As a consequence, there is an "OM size-exclusion limit," and the uptake of bulky molecules with molecular ...

is responsible for over 35% of all foodborne illness Salmonella typhimurium related hospitalizations in the United States. This Gram-negative bacterium possesses an inner and an outer membrane (OM), the latter allowing its survival and replication within host tissues. During infection, OM is remodeled by transport of glycerophospholipids across the periplasm and into the OM. Increased levels of...

Type-specific IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies to Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharides 14 and 19F were measured in cord blood samples from 425 neonates, to determine which antibody subclass was most strongly associated with otitis media (OM) during the first 6 months of life (early OM). Early OM was significantly associated with type 14 IgG1 antibody in the lowest antibody quartile (P=.055...

s (Listed in alphabetically order of author’s surname) Kazuyuki Aihara Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo CHAOS AND BIFURCATIONS IN THE HODGKIN-HUXLEY EQUATIONS AND SQUID GIANT AXONS Chaos, or deterministic chaos, is ubiquitous in nonlinear dynamical systems of the real world, including biological systems. Nerve membranes have their own nonlinear dynamics which generate and pr...

The antithyroid drug methimazole (MMZ) can cause severe, tissuespecific toxicity in mouse olfactory mucosa (OM), presumably through a sequential metabolic activation of MMZ by cytochrome P450 (P450) and flavin monooxygenases (FMO). The aims of this study were to determine whether CYP2A5, one of the most abundant P450 enzymes in the mouse OM, is involved in MMZ metabolic activation, by comparing...