Duplicating or replacing serendipitous encounters in virtual environments is a challenge.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is usually described as a simple, sensitive and rapid technique that uses oligonucleotide primers, dNTPs and a heat stable Taq polymerase to amplify DNA. It was invented by Mullis and co-workers [1,2] in the early eighties, who were awarded the 1993 Nobel Prize for chemistry for this discovery. With the discovery of real-time PCR in the nineties the method to...

Please be advised that this information was generated on 2017-04-05 and may be subject to change.

Figure 1: The same individual imaged with the same camera and seen with nearly the same facial expression and pose may appear dramatically different with changes in the lighting conditions. The two leftmost images were taken indoors and the two rightmost were taken outdoors. All four images were taken with a Canon EOS 1D digital camera. Before each acquisition the subject was asked to make a ne...