In Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) electronic crosstalk can occur between the excitation signal and probe deflection signal. Here, we demonstrate how a small modification to our commercial instrument enables us to literally switch the crosstalk on and off. We study in detail the effect of crosstalk on open-loop KPFM and compare with closed-loop KPFM. We measure the pure crosstalk signal an...

Sometimes it is inconvenient or expensive to open the loop of a system to insert lag controllers—for instance, when this system is an open-loop system. A new controller structure where the loop is not opened, and that allows the design of lag controllers as in the case where one can open the loop, is presented. This result can be used by educators in undergraduate courses that deal with classic...

We propose a control system for humanoid robot reaching using a motor-motor mapping that is learnt online. The system combines endpoint closed-loop and open-loop visual servo control. The closed-loop component moves the eyes, head, arm, and torso, based on the position of the target and the robot’s hand, as seen by the robot’s head mounted cameras. The learned, open-loop component brings the ha...

We analyze the global convergence properties of some variants of regularized continuous Newton methods for convex optimization and monotone inclusions in Hilbert spaces. The regularization term is of LevenbergMarquardt type and acts in an open-loop or closed-loop form. In the open-loop case the regularization term may be of bounded variation.

Adaptation is an important concept for Web processes. The author provides an overview of adaptation with respect to control theory and how it is applied to other contexts. Specifically the author focuses on open loop and closed loop adaptation. Then the cahpter discusses the current Web process standard WS-BPEL supports open loop adaptation. Finally, the author discusses an academic research fr...

Recursive subspace model identification (RSMI) has been developed for a decade. Most of RSMIs are only applied for open loop data. In this paper, we propose a new recursive subspace model identification which can be applied under open loop and closed loop data. The key technique of this derivation of the proposed algorithm is to bring the Vector Auto Regressive with eXogenous input (VARX) model...

In a series of case studies out of the field of dynamic manipulation (Mason, 1992), different principles for open loop stable control are in troduced and analyzed. This investiga tion may provide some insight into how open loop control can serve as a useful foundation for closed loop control and, par ticularly, what to focus on in learning control.

Most of real-time scheduling algorithms are open-loop algorithms as the scheduling decisions are based on the worst-case estimates of task parameters. They do not continuously observe the performance of the system and do not dynamically adjust the system parameters t o improve performance. In many cases, it is preferable to base scheduling decisions on average-case workload parameters and be re...

PURPOSE Achieving simultaneous single and clear visual experience during postnatal development depends on the temporal relationship between accommodation and vergence, in addition to their accuracies. This study was designed to examine one component of the dynamic relationship, the latencies of the responses. METHODS Infants and adults were tested in three conditions (i) binocular viewing of ...

Motion estimation is a vital function of video coders that utilize motion compensated prediction to exploit the temporal redundancy of video signals. The reference images used in the motion estimation process can be either original images (open-loop architecture) or reconstructed images (closedloop architecture). While the closed-loop architecture is intuitively superior to the open-loop archit...