The built environment contributes around half of total greenhouse gas emissions and with 87% of residential buildings that we will have by 2050 already built, it is vital to adopt sustainable retrofitting practices. The question is: what are the viable solutions? One answer may be green roof retrofitting. The environmental benefits include reduced operational carbon emissions, reduced urban hea...

Many cities nowadays explore different circular designs as new sustainable city concepts in urban aspects. The trend, part of the adaptation for climate change, is a strategy increasing number open spaces, and plan design could be approach to development. This paper provides historical overview various examples objects containing built structures spaces from Neolithic present. Built-Up Area (BU...

Due to the complexity of built environment, urban design patterns considerably affect the microclimate and outdoor thermal comfort in a given urban morphology. Variables such as building heights and orientations, spaces between buildings, plot coverage alter solar access, wind speed and direction at street level. To improve microclimate and comfort conditions urban design elements including veg...

Consideration to the natural elements, such as daylighting, at the earliest in the architectural design process is suggested by many as necessary for sustainable buildings. The implementation of a successful daylighting strategy in the design of buildings improves spatial quality and saves energy required, otherwise, for artificial lighting. Daylighting becomes a design mandate in the case of c...

This paper introduces the concepts of fuzzy pseudo-open sets in fuzzy topological spaces and fuzzy pseudo-continuous functions between fuzzy topological spaces. Several characterizations of fuzzy pseudo-open sets are established. A conditions under which fuzzy hyper-connected spaces become fuzzy Baire spaces, is obtained by means of fuzzy pseudo-open sets. Several examples are given to illustra...

Public spaces get increasingly equipped with displays in terms of shopping window plasma screens, electronic advertisements at the point of sale, kiosk systems at points of interest, etc. While this trend enables numerous applications in the pervasive display systems domain, it also has effects on how people perceive urban environments. In this work we describe the concept, implementation and f...

The thermal environment in Recreational Open Spaces (ROS) is primarily a result of the surrounding built form which includes buildings, trees, and surface treatment materials. To study impact land choice urban on characteristics open spaces, case assessment was undertaken dense context Mumbai, India. ROS its profile, we selected three spaces adjoining school Mumbai exhibiting different material...