Post-error slowing (PES) indicates the slower responses after errors than after correct responses. Prior studies mainly focus on how the observation errors influence one own's performance, there is no study investigating how other's monitoring influence one own's performance. Additionally, the issue that whether social context influences the PES effect differently for females and males is still...

11 The position of a developing embryo or foetus relative to members of the same or opposite sex can have profound effects on its resulting anatomy, physiology and behavior. Here we treat intrauterine position as a combinatorial problem and determine the theoretical probability of having 0, 1 or 2 adjacent foetuses of the opposite sex for species with random and biased distribution of genders i...

Since temperament affects the development of social behaviours and interpersonal relations, the possible links between autistic traits and temperament are of particular interest. The purpose of the study was to explore the relationships between autistic traits and temperamental characteristics in the framework of the Regulative Temperament Theory by Strelau, and the Emotionality, Activity and S...

Marriage in many traditional societies often concerns the institutionalized exchange of reproductive partners among groups of kin. Such exchanges most often involve cross-cousins-marriage with the child of a parent's opposite-sex sibling-but it is unclear who benefits from these exchanges. Here we analyze the fitness consequences of marrying relatives among the Yanomamö from the Amazon. When in...

Friendship is a close relationship in which people share mutual activities, develop social network, fell accepted, help each other, and develop trust, mutual respect, and affection (Aronson, Wilson, & Akert, 2005). Quality of friendship depends on the sex of friends; friendships among women are characterized by more closeness, while men’s friendships are based on the mutual activity (Bank & Han...

The sex ratio of the local population influences mating-related behaviours in many species. Recent experiments show that male-biased sex ratios increase the amount of financial resources men will invest in potential mates, suggesting that sex ratios influence allocation of mating effort in humans. To investigate this issue further, we tested for effects of cues to the sex ratio of the local pop...

OBJECTIVE To examine the relations of the family environment to adjustment to juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), and to examine how those relations are influenced by child sex and age. METHOD Ninety-four children with JRA completed a questionnaire on family environment and adjustment. RESULTS Family cohesion was related to good adjustment, whereas family conflict was related to poor adjus...