Inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) are a class of genetic disorders. Each metabolic disorder may have different forms with different age of onset, clinical manifestations, severity, and even type of inheritance. Ideally, a group of different specialists, including ophthalmologists, pediatricians, biochemists, and medical geneticists are needed for the final diagnosis and management of IMDs. B...

Chronic angle-closure glaucoma is a major cause of blindness, particularly in Asia. The goals of management are to prevent both progression of anatomic angle-closure and progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy, the latter by controlling intraocular pressure. Laser iridotomy to eliminate pupillary block is the definitive initial treatment and laser peripheral iridoplasty is the second-line ...

We describe the design, fabrication, and testing of a 1.6 mm thick scleral contact lens providing both 1× and 2.8× magnified vision paths, intended for use as a switchable eye-borne telescopic low-vision aid. The F/9.7 telescopic vision path uses an 8.2 mm diameter annular entrance pupil and 4 internal reflections in a polymethyl methacrylate precision optic. This gas-impermeable insert is cont...

PURPOSE To present selected complications of keratorefractive and phakic intraocular lens (IOL) surgery and a series of IOLs that required explantation because of various postimplantation opacification of the IOL optic. METHODS Two specimens obtained after keratorefractive surgery, 2 phakic IOLs, and a total of 23 explanted IOLs from cases in which postimplantation opacification of the IOL op...

Sound transmission efficiency and beaming capability are the most important considerations in design of single-slit lens toward high-performance acoustic imaging detection. Here, we demonstrated numerically experimentally enhanced sound focusing through a single subwavelength slit surrounded by grooves on both surfaces. A microscopic coupled-wave model was employed to optimize slit-groove struc...

Lens development provides a good model system for studying cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying embryonic induction and morphogenesis. Members of the large Maf family of transcription factors, L-Maf and c-Maf, have been shown to play key roles in chick and mouse lens development. Here we report identification of two Xenopus maf genes, XmafB and XL-maf, which exhibit unique temporal and ...

The lens plays an important role in the development of the optic cup. Using the zebrafish as a model organism, questions regarding lens development can be addressed. The zebrafish is useful for genetic studies due to several advantageous characteristics, including small size, high fecundity, short lifecycle, and ease of care. Lens development occurs rapidly in zebrafish. By 72 hpf, the zebrafis...

Two-photon endomicroscopy is a promising technique with the ability to achieve in situ imaging and diagnosis at subcellular resolution. The large field-of-view capability essential useful locate image suspicious areas of biological tissue. In this work, we report objective-lens-free, lensed fiber-optic two-photon for enhancement. field view endomicroscopic probe 750 μm resolution 3.03 μm. This ...

The ventral region of the chick embryo optic cup undergoes a complex process of differentiation leading to the formation of four different structures: the neural retina, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), the optic disk/optic stalk, and the pecten oculi. Signaling molecules such as retinoic acid and sonic hedgehog have been implicated in the regulation of these phenomena. We have now investi...