Experimental work in turbid media has shown that trans-illumination images can be significantly improved by limiting light collection to a subset of photons which are minimally distorted by scattering. The literature details numerous schemes (commonly termed ballistic imaging), most often based on time-gating and/or spatially filtering the detected light. However, due to the complex nature of t...

When different images are presented to the two eyes, binocular rivalry can occur - that is, perceptual alternations between the two monocular images (bi-stability) or between more than two percepts comprised of complementary portions of the two images (multi-stability). A recent paper reports important findings about the dynamics of multi-stable alternations in binocular rivalry.

A new single step direct-write photomask process has been proposed by using Bi/In bimetallic thermal resist which turns almost transparent with high energy laser exposure. The Bi over In metallic films, each layer ~40 nm thick, were DCsputtered onto quartz mask plate substrates in a single pump-down chamber. Before laser exposure the Bi/In had 2.91 Optical Density. Bi/In is a bimetallic thermal...

In this paper fuzzy bi-directional associative memory (BAM) neural networks with constant delays are considered. Some sufficient conditions for existence and global exponential stability of unique equilibrium point are established by using fixed point theorem and differential inequality techniques. The results obtained are easily checked to guarantee existence, uniqueness and global exponential...

We study long-wave Marangoni convection in a layer heated from below. Using the scaling k=O(square root(Bi)), where k is the wave number and Bi is the Biot number, we derive a set of amplitude equations. Analysis of this set shows presence of monotonic and oscillatory modes of instability. Oscillatory mode has not been previously found for such direction of heating. Studies of weakly nonlinear ...

The optical methods of Caustics, Photoelasticity and Isopachics for the evaluation of the stress intensity factors and the distribution of the principal stresses at a bi-material interface crack-tip, were proposed. The caustics, isochromatic and isopachic fringes are developed from the stress field which results from a stress function X(r, ). When the crack-tip, which is perpendicular to interf...

We derive the stability inequality ‖C‖ 6 γ ‖∑i cibi‖ for the B-splines bi from the formula for knot insertion. The key observation is that knot removal increases the norm of the B-spline coefficients C = {ci}i∈Z at most by a constant factor, which is independent of the knot sequence. As a consequence, stability for splines follows from the stability of the Bernstein basis.  2000 Elsevier Scien...

The band gaps of bismuth vanadate (BiVO₄) and bismuth sulfide (Bi₂S₃) are about 2.40 eV and 1.30 eV, respectively. Although both BiVO₄ and Bi₂S₃ are capable of strong visible light absorption, electron-hole recombination occurs easily. To solve this problem, we designed a one-step hydrothermal method for synthesizing a Bismuth sulfide (Bi₂S₃)/Bismuth vanadate (BiVO₄) heterojunction using polyvi...

Nitrogen is a common structural element in the acceptor moieties of organic donor-acceptor nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores. In order to assess the effect of substitution with heavier group 15 elements, computational studies of the nonlinear optical properties of betaine derivatives, (CH(3))(3)X(+)CH(2)CO(2)(-) (X = N, P, As, Sb, Bi), have been performed. First hyperpolarisabilities, β(HRS)...