In electromagnetics and photonics, ‘nonlocality’ refers to the phenomenon by which response/output of a material or system at certain point in space depends on input field across an extended region space. Although nonlocal effects associated wavevector/momentum dependence have often been neglected seen as nuisance context metasurfaces, emerging flat optics seeks exploit strong effective nonloca...

Fermionic linear optics is efficiently classically simulatable. Here it is shown that the set of states achievable with fermionic linear optics and particle measurements is the closure of a low dimensional Lie group. The weakness of fermionic linear optics and measurements can therefore be explained and contrasted with the strength of bosonic linear optics with particle measurements. An analysi...

In this chapter, we discuss some of the fundamentals of optics. We first cover the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum, which shows that the visible spectrum occupies just a very narrow portion of the entire EM spectrum. We then discuss geometrical optics and wave optics. In geometrical optics, we formulate the propagation of light rays in terms of matrices, whereas in wave optics we formulate wave p...

Transformation optics has been used to propose various novel optical devices. With the help of metamaterials, several intriguing designs, such as invisibility cloaks, have been implemented. However, as the basic units should be much smaller than the working wavelengths to achieve the effective material parameters, and the sizes of devices should be much larger than the wavelengths of illuminati...

Fermionic linear optics is efficiently classically simulatable. Here it is shown that the set of states achievable with fermionic linear optics and particle measurements is the closure of a low dimensional Lie group. The weakness of fermionic linear optics and measurements can therefore be explained and contrasted with the strength of bosonic linear optics with particle measurements. An analysi...

iran enjoys a glorious history in medicine, ophthalmology and optics and has introduced several great physicians and ophthalmologists to the world. the history of ophthalmology dates back to 6000 years ago; unfortunately we have no manuscripts or petrographies from those eras. the oldest document about ophthalmic diseases can be found in avesta. furthermore, as early as 1600 years ago, genta sh...

A sol-gel technique under ultrasonic irradiation was applied to synthesize ZrO2/TiO2/ZnOnanocomposites. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of nanocomposites. The strain and crystalline size values of ZrO2/TiO2/ZnO nanocomposites are estimated to be 9.98×10-4 and 17.66 nm, respectively. The linear absorption coefficient of ZrO2/TiO2/ZnO nanocomposites was measure...

Einstein had to learn the mathematics of Lorentz transformations in order to complete his covariant formulation of Maxwell’s equations. The mathematics of Lorentz transformations, called the Lorentz group, continues playing its important role in optical sciences. It is the basic mathematical language for coherent and squeezed states. It is noted that the six-parameter Lorentz group can be repre...

Though developed out of physics and optics, the optometric profile in the UK has shifted towards a healthcare professional. As a result, optometry students are now stretched between numerous courses as diverse as microbiology, legal aspects related to practice, mathematics, vision or pharmacology. The importance of optics is still affirmed by regulating bodies and universities worldwide, but ma...

radar cross section (rcs) calculation is an important issue of objects stealth and identification. it is necessary to design the rcs software because of the high cost of rcs measurements in practice. in this paper, designing of efficient software using physical optics theorem for radar cross section calculation of the complex perfect electric conductors or complex dielectric objects for high fr...