introduction: due to limitations of current treatments for degenerative disc disease, arthroplastic methods to repair the diseased disc have been proposed. the artificial disc is a mobile implant for degenerative disc replacement that attempts to lessen the degeneration of the adjacent elements following interbody fusion procedures. because the success of artificial disc replacement depends on ...

this paper seeks to document the specific structural patterns of bit hilanis architecture which were in used in the ancient near east from the second to the first millennium b.c. the recognition of bit hilanis architectural characteristics as well as their provenances and their spread from anatoly to palestine have always remained the important issues to be addressed by art historians and archa...

Cost of biodiesel is primarily because factors such as the feedstock, production process and materials. Apparently, final product a bit expensive compared to fossil diesel fuel. While non-food feedstock high oil content Jatropha curcas has been proposed reduce cost due promising two-step approach hydro-esterification can possibly offset for resource with free fatty acids. Most importantly, opti...

-In this paper, we have simulated 8 channel WDM-PON system for downstream signals using carrier suppressed return-to-zero (CSRZ), duobinary return-to-zero (DRZ) and the modified duobinary return-to-zero (MDRZ) modulation formats. WDM-PON system has been analyzed by varying input power from 0 to 20dBm for different modulation formats in order to find the optimum modulation format for a high bit ...

Cascadable, CMOS synapse chips containing a cross-bar array of 32x32 (1024) programmable synapses have been fabricated as "building blocks" for fully parallel implementation of neural networks. The synapses are based on a hybrid digital-analog design which utilizes on-Chip 7-bit data latches to store quantized weights and two-quadrant multiplying DAC's to compute weighted outputs. The synapses ...

Multiple transmit (Tx) and multiple receive (Rx) antennas systems, referred to as multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems, have been proposed to achieve higher data rates in wireless communication systems. In this paper, we investigate joint optimization of transmitter and receiver for MIMO system when the channel information is available at both transmitter and receiver. We discuss the p...

A novel space–time block-coding-assisted and sphere-packed multilevel-coded (STBC-SP-MLC) modulation arrangement is proposed, which combines an MLC-based scheme with a twin-antenna-aided STBC for the sake of providing a transmit diversity gain. The SP modulation invokes a 4-D D4 constellation space. A new bit-to-SP symbol mapper is designed for the sake of improving the system’s performance. Th...