food webs, farm food webs, forestry food webs, orchard food webs or motorway embankment food webs, despite the fact that these habitats can be extensive and are much more intimately connected to humans than natural habitats.” “A major problem lies in the extent to which constituent species are often ‘lumped’ into functional groups — each bird lovingly identified, while individual arachnid speci...

Among the possible sources of environmental contamination by plant protection products, the use of air blast sprayers in orchards and vineyards can be very critical. The evaluation of the vertical distribution pattern is a crucial test to achieve a good quality of spray application. The aim of the paper was to compare the performance of a vertical lamellate patternator versus a horizontal lamel...

Premetamorphic northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) and green frogs (Rana clamitans) were evaluated at seven wetland sites, four of which were within apple orchards, to determine if environmental conditions associated with orchard management in southern Ontario, Canada, affected frog early development. Synchronous with breeding events (May–July), embryos and tadpoles were exposed, in situ and ...

This paper deals with the Orchard crossing number of some families of graphs which are based on cycles. These include disjoint cycles, cycles which share a vertex and cycles which share an edge. Specifically, we focus on the prism and ladder graphs.

Bin management during apple harvest season is an important activity for orchards. Typically, empty and full bins are handled by tractor-mounted forklifts or bin trailers in two separate trips. In order to simplify this work process and improve work efficiency of bin management, the concept of a robotic bin-dog system is proposed in this study. This system is designed with a “go-over-the-bin” fe...

We compute the Orchard crossing number, which is defined in a similar way to the rectilinear crossing number, for the complete bipartite graphs Kn,n.

Meta-analysis has become an essential synthesis tool across the medical, social and biological sciences (Cooper et al., 2019; Gurevitch 2018; Higgins Schmid 2021). In fields such as medicine, meta-analytic results are typically shown in a forest plot that presents effect sizes their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from each study meta-analysis. However, ecology evolution, plots infrequently used...

An ordinary circle of a set P of n points in the plane is defined as a circle that contains exactly three points of P. We show that if P is not contained in a line or a circle, then P spans at least [Formula: see text] ordinary circles. Moreover, we determine the exact minimum number of ordinary circles for all sufficiently large n and describe all point sets that come close to this minimum. We...

Apple orchard surface soils in Japan are polluted with copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) due to long-term use of metal-based pesticides. We investigated the effects of heavy metals accumulated in the surface soils in apple orchards on the microbial biomass and the microbial communities. Soil samples were taken from a chestnut orchard (unpolluted control) and five apple orchards with diff...