introduction persian gulf is a warm, hypersaline, shallow and semi-enclosed sea with low hydrodynamic energy and ideal conditions for deposition of particle materials. qeshm island is the largest island of persian gulf, in the mouth of strategic hormoz strait. every day, many tankers and ships that transport oil production of persian gulf throughout the world, cross near this island. thus, qesh...

Under favorable soil conditions such as existence of easily destructible organic compounds, balanced heat and moisture, adequate ventilation and abundant nutrients, organic materials are mineralized. Once mineralizing occurs, mineral elements like P, S, Ca, Mg, K and other cations are released. A related study was conducted to determine the effect of seven organic fertilizers (Leaf Mold (LM), R...

This article examines the characteristics of and reasons for Norwegian farmers' ceasing or planning to cease certified organic production. We gathered cross-sectional survey data in late 2007 from organic farmers deregistering between January 2004 and September 2007 (n=220), and similar data from a random sample of farmers with certified organic management in 2006 (n=407). Of the respondents de...

Pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM) is considered as a technique to improve soil fertility and store carbon (C) in soil. However, little is known regarding soil organic C and nitrogen (N) mineralization in PyOM-amended soils. To investigate the relationship between the C and N mineralization rates and the possible consequences in terms of C storage and N availability, we incubated ryegrass-derived ...

Electron-rich aza-aromatic compounds such as indoles is structures of particular interest and importancein organic chemistry. A useful procedure for the preparation of new 3-sulfenyl indole derivatives using S-alkyl or S-arylthiophthalimides as sulfenylating agents and poly(N, N′-dibromo-N-ethyl-naphthyl-2,7-disulfonamide) as novel catalyst is described. The method represents an efficient prepa...

Recent marine sediments from two cores, collected on the continental slope of the Nansha Sea, China, have been analyzed for organic matter content, n-alkane and isoprenoid hydrocarbons, fatty acids, n-alkanols and sterols. The organic carbon contents of the two sediment cores average 0.7 and 0.53%, respectively, and are higher than those of other sedimentary environments in this region. The dis...

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are obligate biotrophs that acquire carbon (C) solely from host plants. AM fungi can proliferate hyphae in, and acquire nitrogen (N) from, organic matter. Although they can transfer some of that N to plants, we tested the hypothesis that organic matter is an important N source for the AM fungi themselves. We grew pairs of plants with and without the AM fungus G...

The influence of pH on the sorption of pentachlorophenol (PCP) onto three organic amendments, char, humic acid (HA) and peat, and the effect of organic amendments on PCP sorption to three kinds of soils were evaluated. The sorption of PCP on these sorbents fitted the Freundlich model well, suggesting that PCP sorption isotherms were nonlinear with exponential coefficient (N) value lower than 1....

In the Netherlands, butter is produced from milk originating from three different production systems: conventional, organic, and grass-fed cows. The aim of the current study was to characterize these types of butters, and pinpoint distinct compositional differences. Retail conventional (n = 28), organic (n = 14), and grass (n = 12) full-fat butters were collected during the winter and summer se...

The title compound, C8H13N2O + H2PO4, is an ionic salt. The organic species is protonated at the N atom of the dimethylaminomethyl group. The dihydrogenphosphate moieties are connected into in®nite chains by way of OÐH O links. The H2PO4 ÿ group also makes an OÐH N hydrogen bond to the pyridine N atom of the organic species. The organic cations crosslink the phosphate chains into a three-dimens...