Coprosma kawaikiniensis K.R. Wood, Lorence & Kiehn (Rubiaceae), a rare endemic tree from Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands, is described and illustrated along with a previously undescribed endemic plant community, the Dubautia-Sadleria shrubland-fernland (DSSF). The new species differs from Hawai'i congeners by its combination of opposite, long, elliptic to narrowly elliptic or ovate-elliptic leaves wit...

These are notes from introductory survey lectures given at the Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics (IPM), Teheran, in 2008 and 2010. We present the definition and the fundamental properties of Fomin-Zelevinsky’s cluster algebras. Then we introduce quiver representations and show how they can be used to construct cluster variables, which are the canonical generators of c...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Echinacea is a popular herbal immunomodulator. Recent reports indicate that Echinacea products inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in activated macrophages. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study we determined the inhibitory effects of alcohol extracts and individual fractions of alcohol extracts of Echinacea on NO production, and explored the mechanis...

introduction: the occurrence and activity of mites in stored foods cause a variety of qualitative and quantitative damages, including reduction in the germinating power of the grains, bronchial asthma and allergic skin reactions. among the mites associated with stored products, species of order sarcoptiformes especially some species of astigmatina including the genera acarus, suidasia and tyrop...

Animals must manage interactions with beneficial as well as detrimental microbes. Immunity therefore includes strategies for both resistance to and tolerance of microbial invaders. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) cytokines have many functions in animals including a tolerance-promoting (tolerogenic) role in immunity in vertebrates. TGFβ pathways are present in basal metazoans such as cnid...

In the present study, we tested in vitro different parts of 35 plants used by tribals of the Similipal Biosphere Reserve (SBR, Mayurbhanj district, India) for the management of infections. From each plant, three extracts were prepared with different solvents (water, ethanol, and acetone) and tested for antimicrobial (E. coli, S. aureus, C. albicans); anthelmintic (C. elegans); and antiviral (en...

The object of this paper is to describe a simple method for the staining in smear preparations of Spiroch~eta pallida and to present certain observations which I have been enabled to make upon the morphology and reproduction of the microorganism through the use of this staining method. I have examined a large number of cases of syphilis and various syphi-litic lesions, and it is upon the study ...

Semiarid environments throughout the world have lost a major part of their woody vegetation and biodiversity due to the effects of wood cutting, cattle grazing and subsistence agriculture. The resulting state is typically used for cattle production, but the productivity of these systems is often very low, and erosion of the unprotected soil is a common problem. Such dry-land degradation is of g...